Separating Mixtures (y9)

Created by

Rosa Cane-McCree

Cards (38)

all acids are mixtures
in order for something to be an acid what does it have to do
it needs to be dissolve in water
what does aqueous (aq) mean
that the substance dissolves in water
describe the steps to separate a mixture of salt, sand and water
1 use a filter and filter paper to filter the sand out of the mixture and leave the salty water residue in a test tube
2 set up a Bunsen burner ; place it under a tripod with a mesh mat net and evaporation basin on top
3 evaporate the residue on a roaring flame
how does paper chromatography work
1 draw a pencil line with dots of ink placed on it, on the chromatography and then roll up the top of the paper over a tooth pick and secure it with a paper clip
2 place it in a beaker with water filled up to a pencil line
by what physical property does distillation separate substances  
based on their boiling point
what state occurs during distillation
evaporation and condensation
why doesn't the gas escape in distillation
the round bottom flask is sealed with a bun
how is the gas returned to its liquid form in distillation
it is condensed with the cool air in the water jacket
What is chromatography used for
to find the rf value of the ink in question
what is an rf value
the retention factor
how to calculate the rf value
the distance moved by the sample
--------------------------------
the distant moved by the solvent
what is a solvent front 
the furthest point reached by the solvent
what does a rf value of 0 mean
it is insoluble
what numbers does the rf value have to be between
1-0
what is the stationary phase in paper chromatography
the chromatography paper
what is the mobile phase in paper chromatography
the solvent in the liquid state
what type of graph is gas chromatography displayed in
chromatograms
what is purity 
the measure of how pure a substance
what is a pure substance 
a substance consisting of one element or compound
why are many useful materials mixtures  
as they have been deliberately chosen to produce the desired properties
how can a melting point be used to distinguish between pure or impure 
the melting point of a pure substance is a single temperature whereas the melting point of an impure substance can be over a range of temperature
what is a solute  
the substance that dissolves
what is a solvent  
the substance the solute dissolves in
explain how filtration works  
separates an insoluble substance in the solid state from substances in the liquid state
works as filter paper has microscopic holes which the liquid molecules will be able to pass through but not the larger grains (solid substance)
the filter paper will collect the residue (solid substance) and the liquid will pass through as the filtrate
explain how crystallisation works  
if you heat a solution, the solvent evaporates leaving the solute behind
it must be heated slowly otherwise you will end up with a powder
explain how simple distillation works  
separates the solvent from the solution
it relies on the solvent having a lower boiling point than the solute so, when the solution is heated the solvent escapes the solution in the gas state
it is then cooled and condensed into a liquid state by a condenser
explain how fractional distillation works  
separates 2 or more substances from a mixture in the liquid state
relying on each substance having a different boiling point, so when the mixture is heated both liquids rise however the one with the lower boiling point will evaporate quicker and not condense as much in the fractional column
then the substance with the lower boiling point will condense in the condenser
this process may be needed to be carried out multiple times to ensure pure substances are present
Label this filtration experiment  
A = funnel
B = filter paper
C = residue
D = conical flask
E = filtrate
label this crystallisation experiment
A = Bunsen burner
B = boiling water
C = evaporation basin
D = solution
label this simple distillation experiment
A = solution
B = vapour
C = thermometer
D = condenser
E = cooling water out
F = cooling water in
G = test tube
H = pure substance
Label this fractional distillation experiment  
A = solution
B = fractionating column
C = thermometer
D = condenser
E = cooling water out
F = cooling water in
G= pure solvent collecting beaker
what is the only difference between paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography  
that the stationary phase is a thin layer of absorbent material coated over a plate
how can chromatography be used to distinguish between pure and impure substances  
after conducting paper or thin-layer chromatography, you can see if a substance is pure if it only creates one dot, whilst an impure substance will have two or more
If your mixture contains: insoluble and soluble substances, what separation technique should you use 
filtration
If your mixture contains: a solute dissolved in a solvent (solution), what separation technique should you use 
crystallisation for the solute
simple distillation for the solvent
If your mixture contains: two or more substances in the liquid state, what separation technique should you use 
fractional distillation
If your mixture contains: coloured soluble substances, what separation technique should you use 
paper or thin-layer chromatography