strengths of acids and bases

• Arrhenius and Bronsted Lory definitions

  Definitions of acids and bases
• Topics covered


  • Strength of Acids and Bases
  • And indicators
  • How Salts are formed
  • Properties of Acids and Bases
  • pH Scale
  • Acids and Bases in solutions
  • Neutralization reactions and buffers
• Strong acids


  • Ionize to a large extent in water to give hydrogen ions
• Weak acids


  • Ionize only slightly in water to give few hydrogen ions
• Strong acid ionization


  • HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
  • HNO3 (aq) → H+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
• Weak acid ionization


  • H2CO3 (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HCO3- (aq)
  • CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)
• Strong bases


  • Dissociate to a large extent in water to give hydroxide ions
• Weak bases


  • Ionize/dissociate only slightly in water to give few hydroxide ions
• Strong base dissociation


  • NaOH (aq) → Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
  • Ba(OH)2 (aq) → Ba2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)
• Weak base ionization


  • NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
• Electrolytes


  Acids and bases that conduct electricity
• Electrical conductivity


  Increases with the number of ions in the solution
• Concentration


  Refers to how much acid is dissolved in water
• Strong acid


  Can be diluted but will still completely dissociate (ionize)
• A dilute strong acid and a concentrated weak acid could have the same pH value
• The variable that should be controlled while testing the pH of two solutions to identify their nature is concentration