AO1 - Correlations

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Created by
Ophelia :)

Cards (10)

  • A correlation shows a link/relationship between two co-variables. (1) These are known as co-variable one and co-variable two. There is no IV and DV and therefore no manipulation of variables by the researcher. (1)
  • A correlation shows the strength and direction of a relationship between two co-variables, they are plotted on a scattergraph.
  • There are three different directions of correlation:
    1. Positive - As one co-variable increases, so does the other co-variable
    2. Negative - As one co-variable increases, the other co-variable decreases
    3. Zero - There is no relationship/link between the co-variables
  • There are two different strengths of a correlation:
    1. Strong - If all the points on a scattergraph are close to the line
    2. Weak - If all the points are spread far apart and away from the line
  • A correlation coefficient is a result from a correlation statistical test which tells us how strong or weak a correlation is. (1) They range from -1 (strong negative correlation) to +1 (strong positive correlation), the closer to 0, the weaker the correlation/relationship.
  • Non-directional hypotheses state that there will be a relationship between the co-variables, but not the direction of the relationship
  • Non-directional hypotheses - There will be a significant relationship between (operationalised co-variable 1) and (operationalised co-variable 2).
  • Directional hypotheses state that there will be a relationship and the direction of the relationship
  • Directional hypotheses - There will be a significant positive or negative relationship between (operationalised co-variable 1) and (operationalised co-variable 2).
  • In an experiment, the researcher is looking for a difference between conditions. (1) The researcher manipulated the IV and measures the effect on the DV. (1) It is possible to establish cause and effect between the IV and DV.
    WHEREAS
    A correlation shows a relationship between two co-variables. (1) There is no manipulation by the researcher (1) and a cause and effect cannot be established. (1)