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Created by
Olivia Blute
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Cards (14)
Heredity
The
transmission
of
traits
from one generation to the next
Genetics
The study of
heredity
and
hereditary
variation
Traits
Passed from
parent
to offspring through
genes
Segments of
DNA
that code for basic units of
heredity
Offspring acquire genes from parents
In
inheriting
chromosomes
Asexual
reproduction
Single individual, no fusion of
gametes
, clones are exact copies of parent,
mutations
are only source of variation
Sexual
reproduction
Two
parents, offspring are
unique
combination of genes from parents, genetically varied from parents and siblings, always unique and different
Homologous
chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes of the same size, length,
centromere position
, carrying the
same genetic information
One homologous
chromosome is inherited from
mom
and one is inherited from dad
Karyotypes
A display of chromosome pairs ordered by
size
and
length
Difficult to see sister
chromatids
in each pair
Somatic
(body) cells
Diploid
, or 2n: two complete sets of each
chromosome
Gametic
(sex) cells
Haploid
, or n:
one
set of each chromosome
Eukaryotes
Have
DNA
packaged in chromosomes
Two types of chromosomes:
autosomes
and
sex
chromosomes
Life
cycle
1. Sequence of stages in the
reproductive
history of an organism from
conception
to its own reproduction
2.
Fertilization
and
meiosis
alternate in sexual life cycles
Fertilization
is when a sperm cell (
haploid
) fuses with an egg (haploid) to form a zygote (diploid)