SECONDARY SECTOR

• The secondary sector includes economic activities concerned with the transformation of raw materials into products. The main activities are industry, energy production, mining and the construction industry. 
• To start its activity, industry requires three elements: 

  -Raw materials, natural resources that industry transforms into manufactured or semi finished products.

  -Energy sources, that provide the force required to start the industrial transformation of raw materials. 

  -Production factors includes labour force (employees), capital (buildings, machinery and money), technology and enterprise. 
• Mining is concerned with locating, extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on the ground or underground.

  -Mining uses prospecting methods to locate minerals, extraction techniques to obtain minerals and refining systems to separate minerals that can be used. 

  Depending on the location of the deposit, we can distinguish between, surface mining, underground and underwater mining.
• Raw materials are natural resources that industry transform into products. According to their origin can be classified into:

  -Plant sourced raw materials, that are obtained from agriculture and silviculture, for example by agriculture: sugar, cotton, linen and tobacco, and by silviculture: wood, rubber and cork. 

  -Livestock farming raw materials, are provided by livestock farming that includes wool and silk, and by the fishing industry, is provided fish for canning and for oil production.
• Geological raw materials, are extracted from the Earth surface or underground. These include: 

  -Minerals, metallic (iron, copper, zinc, precious metals, etc.), and non-metallic (glass, gems and fertilisers).

  -Rocks, such as granite, clay and marble, used directly for construction.

  -Energy products, such as coal, crude oil, natural gas and uranium. 
• ARTISANAL INDUSTRY. Until the 18th century, artisans worked using traditional tools and low power of energy, such as human, animal and wood burning. Manufacturing was carried out in small workshops. The final products were unique and expensive. The location of artisanal industry were distributed, so artisanal industrial landscape were no distinguishable.
• MODERN INDUSTRY. Since the middle of the 18th century. Industrial labour was carried out using machines powered by steam engines that used coal as a source of energy. Manufacturing was focused on factories where numerous workers made a part of product. Products were abundant, cheap and homogenous. The location of industries during the first industrial revolution were near mining regions and sources of energy, and on the second industrial revolution, the location of industries were on industrial estates.  
• INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

  Raw material, transport, factory, elaborated product, distribution, shop, consumed.