Science

• Air balloon


  Invented by French brothers Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Monetgolfier
• Balloon's flight


  1. Soaring 600 meters into the heavens

  2. Slowly descending 3.2 kilometers away

  3. 8 minutes later
• Anticipated flight of the hot air balloon in the Palace of Versailles in France in front of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette


  September 19, 1783
• Successful launch of the hot air balloon


  June 1783
• First beings to ride a hot air balloon


  A duck, rooster, and sheep, known as Montauciel
• Montgolfier gas


  Lighter than air and is released from burning embers, mistakenly believed to be a new gas by Joseph-Michel
• Gas laws


  Describe how temperature, volume, pressure, and amount of gas are all related
• Robert Boyle


  Born in Ireland in 1627 as the 14th son of the very wealthy 1st Earl of Cork
• Robert Hooke's famous experiment


  Created the J-shaped tube with Mercury poured into one end
• Robert Hooke


  Discovered cells through the use of a cork from a wine bottle
• Boyle's Law pressure exerted by gas is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by it at a constant mass and temperature
• Charles Law discovered by Jacques Charles, December 1, 1783 launched the hydrogen balloon flight(hydrogen=less dense) aka Law of Volume relation of volume and gas(directly proportional) while pressure is constant
• Gay-Lussac's Law aka Law of Combining Volumes states the pressure of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provide that the volume and amount of gas stay constant Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac(19th century)
• Gay-Lussac's Law aka Law of Combining Volumes states the pressure of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provide that the volume and amount of gas stay constant Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac(19th century)
• Avogadro's Law Amedeo Avogadro(19th century) equal volumes of gasses, at the same temperature, and pressure contain equal number of molecules volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present when temperature and pressure are constant
• Application of Gas Laws Medical field: ventilators and anesthesia are used to regulate pressure and volume Weather balloon: measures atmospheric pressure at different altitudes
• Biomolecules essential for life processes found in living organisms
• 
  

  Sugar-

  glucose(raw material for cellular respiration)

  fructose

  maltose

  Starch -

  foods like potatoes and grains

  Fiber-

  increases speed of digestion

  fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Monosaccharide- sugar simplest form of carbs single molecule of sugar
• Disaccharides 2 types of monosaccharides sucrose (glucose + fructose) lactose (glucose + galactose) maltose (glucose + glucose)
• Polysaccharides complex carbohydrates composed of multiple monosaccharides linked together
• starch storage form of glucose in plants
• glycogen glucose in animals
• cellulose structural component of cell walls
• Proteins Macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass Commonly found in animal produce, plant produce, such as nuts Large, complex molecule that may play critical roles in the body
• Amino Acid Building blocks of protein Organic compound that contains an amino group, carboxyl, and unique side chain There are 20 standard amino acids thats can combine in different sequences from a wide range of protein
• Proteins can be obtained from: Animal sources Plant courses Processed protein products Proteins are essential for: Building and repairing muscles Enzyme function Immune function Transportation- transporting molecules Hormone regulation Maintain fluid balance Lack of protein can lead to: Muscle loss Delayed wound healing Edema- accumulation of fluids in tissue Hair, skin, and nail issues Fatigue and weakness Poor growth development Weakened immune system
• Proteins can be obtained from: Animal sources Plant courses Processed protein products Proteins are essential for: Building and repairing muscles Enzyme function Immune function Transportation- transporting molecules Hormone regulation Maintain fluid balance Lack of protein can lead to: Muscle loss Delayed wound healing Edema- accumulation of fluids in tissue Hair, skin, and nail issues Fatigue and weakness Poor growth development Weakened immune system
• Lipids Insoluble in water Protection, insulation, hormones
• Protein can obtained from 


  Animal sources Plant courses Processed protein products
• Protein can obtained from 


  Animal sources Plant courses Processed protein products
• Triglycerides fats(butter) solid at room temp Long term energy storage(insulation) oils(coconut oil) Phospholipids Hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail Avocado is an example of a phospholipid Supports brain health Protects organelles Healthy liver Steroids 4 rings of carbon cholesterol(precursor for the synthesis of other steroid) Waxes Nonpolar - repel water Coating of leaves Outer surfaces of animals