BLOOD DONOR PHLEB

• Blood donor phlebotomy


  The collection, testing, preparation and storage of blood from donors who are usually volunteers

  
• Purpose of blood donation


  • Provide steady supply of blood for patients needing surgery
  • Form of treatment for specific diseases (cancers, anemia, kidney diseases)
  • Traumatic accident victims
  • Autologous donation
  • Preservation of rare blood types

  
• The only difference between blood donation and blood collection is that it requires a strict screening of the donor and deferral should be undertaken to ensure the safety of the blood supply and prevent infections or contamination that can be transmitter through blood transfusions

  
• Goals of performing blood donor phlebotomy


  • Ensure the safety of donors
  • Minimize and prevent contamination in the donated blood
  • Conduct safe collection of donated blood for therapeutic purposes, especially its shelf life
  • Ensure that other personnel are well-trained and qualified to do venipuncture procedure for blood donation

  
• The blood donation process


  1. Donor screening

  2. Donor registration

  3. Medical history

  4. Donor interview

  5. Physical examination

  6. Guidance

  7. Preparing the venipuncture site

  8. Collection unit

  9. Adverse events monitoring

  10. Donor Care Post-phlebotomy

  11. Donor Blood Processing

  12. Blood unit labelling

  
• Minimum requirements for venipuncture for blood donation


  • Blood bag unit (volume, anticoagulant, w/ satellite bags)
  • Antiseptic (alcohol, chlorhexidine, and iodine)
  • Stress ball (optional)
  • Sphygmomanometer
  • Weighing scale
  • Donor couches, chairs or bed
  • Blood collection mixers (agitator)
  • Blood bag sealers
  • Blood transportation boxes
  • Blood bank refrigerators

  
• Procedure and necessary reminders while doing venipuncture for blood donation


  1. Identify the donor and label the collection bag and test tubes

  2. Select the vein

  3. Perform hand-hygiene and wear gloves

  4. Disinfect the Donor skin (one-step or two-step procedure)

  5. Perform the venipuncture

  6. Monitor the donor and the donated unit

  7. Remove the needle and collect the laboratory samples

  
• The collected blood donor units are transferred in a leak-proof storage with a required temperature (1-7°C). Sample tubes are placed in a rack or padded holder to prevent breakage during transport

  
• Blood unit laboratory testing


  1. Serology – test for infectious diseases (HIV, HBV, Syphilis)

  2. Hematology – complete blood count and PBS
• If blood units are negative of infectious diseases and have normal cellular morphology and CBC, units are tested for blood type using forward and reverse typing
• Blood component processing


  • Packed red cell
  • Plasma (fresh frozen plasma)
  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Platelet concentrate
  • Granulocyte concentrate
• Processed blood unit storage


  • Whole blood and packed red cell – 1-7°C
  • Platelet concentrate – room temperature with continuous agitation
  • Granulocyte concentrate – room temperature
  • Fresh frozen plasma and frozen RBC - -18°C
  • Cryoprecipitate – maintained in room temperature after thawing