Internet of Things - The interconnectedness of physical devices, such as appliances and vehicles, that are embedded with software, sensors, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data
The networking of physical objects that contain electronics embedded within their architecture in order to communicate and sense interactions amongst each other or with respect to the external environment
Over 9 billion 'Things' (physical objects) are currently connected to the Internet, as of now. In the near future, this number is expected to rise to a whopping 20 billion
A unit of small computer on a single integrated circuit containing microprocessor or processing core, memory and programmable input/output devices/peripherals. It is responsible for major processing work of IoT devices and all logical operations are carried out here
Data collected through IoT devices is massive, and this data has to be stored on a reliable storage server. The data is processed and learned, giving more room for us to discover where things like electrical faults/errors are within the system
IoT relies heavily on sensors, especially in real-time. As these electronic devices spread throughout every field, their usage is going to trigger a massive flux of big data
In order to communicate, internet connectivity is a must, where each physical object is represented by an IP address. However, there are only a limited number of addresses available according to the IP naming. Due to the growing number of devices, this naming system will not be feasible anymore. Therefore, researchers are looking for another alternative naming system to represent each physical object
1. Form a separate internet work including only physical objects
2. Make the Internet ever more expansive, but this requires hard-core technologies such as rigorous cloud computing and rapid big data storage (expensive)
In the near future, IoT will become broader and more complex in terms of scope. It will change the world in terms of "anytime, anyplace, anything in connectivity"
IP-based addressing will no longer be suitable in the upcoming future
An abundance of physical objects is present that do not use IP, so IoT is made possible
Devices typically consume less power. When not in use, they should be automatically programmed to sleep
A device that is connected to another device right now may not be connected in another instant of time
Intermittent connectivity – IoT devices aren't always connected. In order to save bandwidth and battery consumption, devices will be powered off periodically when not in use. Otherwise, connections might turn unreliable and thus prove to be inefficient
In this human gives input to IoT device i.e as speech/text/image etc. IoT device (Machine) like sensors and actuators then understands input, analyses it and responds back to human by means of text or Visual Display
The process of exchanging information or messages between two or more machines or devices is known as Machine to Machine (M2M) communication. It is the communication among the physical things which do not need human intervention
In this machine interacts with Humans. Machine triggers information(text messages/images/voice/signals) respective / irrespective of any human presence. This type of communication is most commonly used where machines guide humans in their daily life
The process of exchanging information or messages between two or more people is known as human to human (H2H) communication. This can be done through various means such as verbal, non-verbal, or written communication
For communication of IoT devices many protocols are used. These IoT protocols are modes of communication which give security to the data being exchanged between IoT connected devices. Example bluetooth, wifi, zigbee etc.
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A wireless internet of things (IoT) protocol using low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, developed by 3GPP for cellular wireless communication that enables a wide range of new NB-IoT devices and services
Specially designed devices and sensors collect information from their surroundings and transmit it to NB-IoT base stations or transmission nodes. Individual base stations are connected to an IoT gateway and IoT cloud application servers for centralized monitoring and data analysis
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