Electromotive Force

• Electrical generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
• Every electrical generator needs some method for spinning the coil inside the magnetic field. 
• When an individual charge flies through a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the charge and the path of the charge bends.
• The charge is positive and the right hand rule shows us the force will be upward, perpendicular to both the field and the path of the charge.
• If the right hand grips the wire so that the thumb points the same way as the (conventional) current, the fingers curls the same way as the field lines.

  A) Right hand rule

  
• The voltage or potential difference is also frequently referred to as electromotive force
• Electromotive force is NOT a force, it is a potential difference or potential energy per unit charge and is measured in volts. 
• • If a wire that is part of a complete circuit is moved through a magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts a force on the individual electrons in the wire, which causes a current to flow.
• Gibbs free energy tells the amount of energy available in an electrolytic cell to do work on electrons by moving them.