Cultural variations in attachment

• Cultural variations - Van Ijzendoorn


  meta analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used ainsworths SS:

  • secure was most common in all cultures
  • Japan and Israel showed higher levels of insecure resistant
  • Germany showed higher levels of insecure avoidant
• Cultural variations - Tropic et al.


  cultural similarities

  • Efe tribe in africa support Van Ijzendoorn
• Cultural variations - Grossman


  cultural differences

  • infants from Germany don't seek interpersonal contact with parents so appear insecurely attached
• Van Ijzendoorn AO3

  -may be comparing countries not cultures

  -biased sample - 27/32 studies were carried out in individualistic countries

  -culturally bias - methodology developed in America - imposed etic