biology

• What does MRSGREN stand for?

  movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition
• What is an abiotic factor


  abiotic factors are the non-living parts of an ecosystem

  (e.g. air, temperature, minerals, light)
• what is a biotic factor

  biotic factors are the living parts of an ecosystem

  (e.g. animals, plants, fungi, bacteria)
• what is the difference between a food chain and a food web?


  food chains are simple and linear, whereas food webs are more complex and look like a spider web
• what are producers?


  producers, also known as autotrophs, are the 1st trophic level and are organisms that produce their nutrients via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
• primary consumers


  the first consumers in a food chain, in which are usually herbivores or omnivores
• what is a secondary consumer?


  an organism that consumes primary consumers
• what is a tertiary consumer?


  the third consumer is a food chain that consumes the secondary consumers. they are often the apex predator
• what is a quaternary consumer?


  the fourth consumer in a food chain. often the apex predator
• what are decomposers and detritivores?


  Decomposers secrete enzymes that break down dead organisms and then ingest them. detritivores ingest and internally break down dead organic matter
• how much energy is transferred to the next trophic level?

  10% is transferred and 90% is consumed
• what is the equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• what is photosynthesis?


  photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast of a producer. the chloroplast produces chlorophyll which absorbs light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
• what is chemosynthesis?


  organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use the chemical energy from their surroundings to convert carbon found as methane or carbon dioxide into glucose.
• what is cellular respiration?

  cellular respiration is the opposite reaction of photosynthesis. oxygen from the atmosphere and glucose from food are transformed into carbon dioxide and water. this reaction also produces energy in the form of ATP
• what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
• what are the two types of cellular respiration?

  aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• what is aerobic respiration?

  Process of producing energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen.
• what is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen. Most of the time, aerobic respiration supplies enough energy to keep cells functioning, but when the oxygen demands cannot be met, anaerobic respiration happens. Anaerobic respiration takes stored glucose from the muscles and turns it into a small burst of energy.
• what does the anaerobic respiration reaction produce?

  lactic acid which is toxic for our body
• what is a symbiotic relationship?

  Mutually beneficial interaction.
• what is competition?


  Competition is the rivalry between individuals or groups for resources, recognition, or success.
• what is mutualism?


  Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship between two organisms where both benefit.
• what is parasitism?


  A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.
• what is commensalism?


  Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
• what is an introduced species?

  Non-native species.
• what is an invasive species?


  A species that is not native to a particular ecosystem and has the potential to cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health.
• what is a structural adaptation?

  Physical trait or feature that helps an organism survive in its environment.
• what is a behavioral adaptation? 


  a behavior that an organism has that makes it better suited to its environment
• what is a physiological adaptation?

  a bodily process that happens automatically in an organism that makes it better suited for its environment.
• what is an extremophile?


  Organism that thrives in extreme environments.
• what is a tardigrade?

  A microscopic organism that can survive anywhere (e.g. Antarctica, Saharan desert, space).
• organism


  an organism is a singular individual within a population
• population


  a population is a group of the same species living together
• community


  a community is a group made up of different species living together