gregor law

• Phenotype - the expressed and observable traits of organisms.
• Genotype - the genetic makeup or allelic set of an individual.
• Homozygous - a condition wherein the alleles for a gene are identical. When using letters, it can be written as RR or rr. This is an alternative term to the true-breeding condition. 
• Heterozygous - a condition wherein the alleles for a gene are not identical. When using letters, it can be represented as Rr.
• Dominant allele - the allele that masks the presence of another type of allele
• Recessive allele - the allele in which expression is masked
• The Law of Dominance - states that in a heterozygous individual, only one allele will be expressed (dominant), and the other one will be masked (recessive).
• The Law of Segregation - states that two alleles of a gene separate from each other to be contained in separate gametes. These alleles will unite randomly during fertilization.
• A monohybrid cross involves two individuals with contrasting traits. 
• During gametogenesis, the alleles for a gene separate.
• Law of Independent Assortment - states that the inheritance of one allele pair is independent from that of the other allele pairs.
• A dihybrid cross involves individuals with two pairs of contrasting traits.
• A testcross is performed to determine the genotype of an individual with the trait that is dominant.
• In a testcross, the results are shown in a box known as the Punnett square.
• It was devised by geneticist Reginald Punnett. This organizes the genotypes of the individuals to be crossed.
• The law of dominance - states that the dominant trait will be expressed in the offspring as long as either of the parents has that trait.
• The law of segregation - states that alleles will separate and be contained in different gametes, which will then reunite randomly during fertilization
• The law of independent assortment - states the inheritance of one gene does not necessarily affect the inheritance of another.