ICZM

• 4 main desicions in coastal zone management

  1. no active intevention- no coastal defences at all, cheapest, not favourable
  2. strategic realignment- allowing shoreline to move naturally, least damage to important areas eg allowing low quality farm land to flood
  3. hold the line- maintaining existing coastal defences, position of coastline remains, for high value land
  4. advance the line- new coastal defences further out to sea than existing line of defence eg beach nourishment to increase size of beach
• ICZM happinsburgh england, developed country

  •  Small village, north Norfolk -1400 residents  Sea defences built in 1950s and destroyed due to weathering/mass movement`
  • Winners: after lots of campaigning the government gave $3million to the North Norfolk district council to

  -Purchase otherwise unreliable properties at 40% of their value 

  - Relocate the caravan site- to create a buffer zone between the residents and the receding coastline.

  - Build emergency rock armour to slow down coastal erosion 
• ICZM happinsburgh england, developed country


  losers:·  

  • Residents- 1996 policy of managed retreat was established meaning that by 2105 200m of coastline would be destroyed, putting 45 heacters of farmland, heritage buildings and caravan parks under threat.
  • Conflict between players: Conflict between local residence and local/ national authorities, as Happisburgh didn’t qualify for the sea defences due to the cost benefit analysis done by DEFRA as the sea defences would have cost $15 million.
• ICZM  CHITTAGONG, BANGLADEH-DEVELOPING COUNTRY

  -       Coastal city in south-eastern Bangladesh- at risk of flooding due to rising sea levels and storm surges from tropical cyclones

  -       Since 2012 “coastal climate resilient infrastructure project” trying to make coastline more resilient to CC

  -       Funding from ADB, aims to help people, economy, enviro by:

  1)building coastal embankments lined with halophytic vegetation

  2)raising levels of roads and making them more hardwearing 

  3)improving water supply projects with protection to floodwater.