Module 10 Amines

• Amines

  • are derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups.
• Solubility of Amines

  • Basic in nature and dissolves in mineral acids.
• Amines: Litmus Test

  • Basic in nature and turns red litmus blue.
• Amines: Carbylamines Test

  • When primary amine is treated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and chloroform, an offensive smelling isocyanide is formed.
• Amines: Azo-Dye Test

  • This test is given by aromatic primary amines.
  • Aromatic primary amines react with nitrous acid to form diazonium salts.
  • These diazonium salts undergo coupling reaction with β-naphthol to form orange colored azo dye.
• Nitrous Acid Test

  • Distinguishing tests for Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amines
• Nitrous Acid Test

  • Primary aliphatic amines react with nitrous acid to produce nitrogen gas which is seen as bubbles.
• Nitrous Acid Test

  • Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form a yellow oily nitrosamine.
• Nitrous Acid Test

  • Tertiary amines react with nitrous acid to form soluble nitrule salts.
• Drugs with Amine substituents

  • Citalopram - Antidepressant
  • Isoetharine - For the treatment of asthma, wheezing, and chronic asthmatic bronchitis
  • Betaxolol - Antihypertensive
  • Amphetamine - A CNS stimulant and symphathomimetic agen indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)