Ireland 1

• Context sentence (1)


  The act of union (1800) abolished the Irish Parliament and cemented the union between Ireland and the UK
• Context sentence (2)


  Prior to 1914, there was a rise in political tensions due to growing anti-union sentiments, exacerbated by the lack of British support during the Great Famine in Ireland in 1845-52
• John Redmond and the Nationalist Party (1910 election results) F (1)


  The 1910 election resulted in a hung parliament - liberals won 274 seats, conservatives won 272 seats. The IPP won 71 seats and swung in favour of the liberal party
• John Redmond and the Nationalist Party (1910 election results) A (1)


  Liberals had to address IPP's agenda of Home Rule - led to tension because it make Home Rule inevitable, deeply concerning those in Ulster in Ireland who favoured the union.
• John Redmond and the Nationalist Party (1910 election results) F (2)


  Tensions were less high than they might have been as the south was overwhelmingly supportive of Home Rule. Extreme republicanism and Fenianism were not prominent during this time. Had the events of 1910 significantly contributed to tensions in Ireland, we might have expected a more intense demand for self-governance.
• John Redmond and the Nationalist Party (1910 election results) A (2)


  The absence of intense demand for self-governance, as evidenced by the lack of support for extreme republican or Fenian ideologies suggests that political tensions in Ireland were relatively subdued even after the 1920 election results
• John Redmond and the Nationalist Party (1910 election results) E


  The election results fortified the growing resentment against the Home Rule Bill, as it was what ultimately instigated it.
• Irish Cultural Revival (Gaelic League/Gaelic Athletic Association) F (1)


  In 1884 the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded to promote interest in Irish sports such as Irish football and hurling and boycotting 'foreign sports' in 1901.
• Irish Cultural Revival (Gaelic League/Gaelic Athletic Association) A (1)



  The GAA has strong links to the Catholic Church and the IPP. Its pro-catholic and anti-english stance blatantly promoted the pro-catholic political opposition and growing resentment to the imposition of British rule
• Irish Cultural Revival (Gaelic League/Gaelic Athletic Association) F (2)


  The Gaelic league was set up in 1883 to preserve the Irish language, and in 1906, had 75,000 members, making it a formidable pressure group.
• Irish Cultural Revival (Gaelic League/Gaelic Athletic Association) A (2)



  The Gaelic League's size and alienated pro-british protestants in Ulster, causing tension between the two separated groups.
• Irish Cultural Revival (Gaelic League/Gaelic Athletic Association) E


  Only a long-term factor. The gradual increase in Gaelic language and spread of Irish traditional norms didn't place Ireland into a state of tension
• Differing economic and religious features F (1)


  Ulster was predominantly protestant and supported the unionist cause in Ireland. The south of Ireland was 90% catholic. The phrase 'home rule is Rome rule' became popular amongst unionists
• Differing economic and religious features A (1)

  Conflicting ideologies and religious differences contributed to the growth of tension in Ireland as the country became divided politically
• Differing economic and religious features F (2)


  Belfast (Ulster city) was the largest city in Ireland and was dependent on the British empire for trade, but the south of Ireland was very agricultural.
• Differing economic and religious features A (2)


  Differing economic features within Ireland accentuated the divide, creating tension.
• Differing economic and religious features A+


  These differences had existed for years before the acceleration of tension during 1914
• Differing economic and religious features E

  Home rule was put Home Rule into effect - the differences were highlighted by the home rule bill, instigated following the election results of 1910
• Re-emergence of Irish Republicanism (IRB / Sinn Fein) F (1)


  During the middle of the 19th century, there was a re-emergence of Irish Republicanism, and in 1904, Irish Republicanism was to gain a political voice in a party called Sinn Fein, meaning 'we ourselves' in Gaelic
• Re-emergence of Irish Republicanism (IRB / Sinn Fein) A (1)

  The fact that a Republican Party was established at all was an indication that tensions were building during this period. The existence of this party made people think about Ireland's position within Britain and contributed to unrest among Irish people.
• Re-emergence of Irish Republicanism (IRB / Sinn Fein) F (2)

  In 1910, the party struggles to find enough people to make the party's executive committee and Sinn Féin's membership fell after scoring 27% of the vote in a by-election in 1908.
• Re-emergence of Irish Republicanism (IRB / Sinn Fein) A (2)


  Sinn Féin's poor reception indicates that Irish republicanism as a factor didn't really contribute to tension.
• Re-emergence of Irish Republicanism (IRB / Sinn Fein) E


  the election results of 1910 which instigated the home rule bill was what caused the tension which led to new republican views and ideologies. Widespread support for Sinn Fein was lacking and prior to 1914, Sinn Fein as well as republicanism was irrelevant while the debate for home rule was still prevalent with unionist and nationalist responses to the home rule bill
• Responses of unionists and nationalist to the home rule bill F (1)


  Edward Carson, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party stated that "never under any circumstances will be have home rule" in 1912
• Responses of unionists and nationalist to the home rule bill A (1)

  The response from unionists in ulster contributed to the start of a movement of resistance to Irish home rule which contributed to the rapid escalation of tensions in Ireland
• Responses of unionists and nationalist to the home rule bill F (2)


  During September, around 500,000 people went to city hall in Belfast and put their names to a League and 'covenant' to which they pledged to use 'any means necessary' to defeat the home rule bill from being forced upon Ireland without the agreement of Ulster.
• Responses of unionists and nationalist to the home rule bill A (2)


  The signing of the covenant signalled and put into perspective the hostility being shown in ulster, and increased tensions.
• Responses of unionists and nationalist to the home rule bill A+ 


  The home rule bill was the result of the December 1910 election results. Without the election, the bill would not have been introduced.
• Responses of unionists and nationalist to the home rule bill E


  Edward Carson spoke to a crowd outside Belfast in September 1911 abut his opposition to Home Rule - this was made in 1911 after the results in 1910