c6

• Ionic bonds are between a

  metal and non metal
• Ions are atoms that have

  gained or lost electrons
• Positive ions are known as

  cations
• Negative ions are known as

  anions
• Metals are called


  Positive ions/cations
• Non metals are called


  Negative ions/anions
• Giant ionic lattices have:


  High melting point, not able to conduct as a solid but can as a solution
• Covalent bonds are between


  non-metals only
• There is_____________ between the positive nuclei and shared electrons

  Electrostatic attraction
• Simple covalent molecules have:


  Low melting points, weak intermolecular forces, no ability to conduct
• Giant covalents have:


  High melting point, most don't conduct (except graphite)
• Metallic bonding is between

  metals only
• The metallic bond is made up of

  Electrostatic attraction
• The metallic bond is between the


  Positive ions and delocalised electrons
• The electrons become


  Delocalised
• The metals ______ conduct electricity

  can
• this is because the delocalised electrons carry a


  Charge and move through the structure
• Metallic bonds have high

  Melting points due to strong electrostatic attraction
• The properties of metals are

  malleable and ductile
• Electrolysis is the


  The breakdown of ionic substances using electricity
• Positive cations go to the negative

  Cathode
• Negative anions go to the positive

  Anode
• If the element is more reactive than carbon then


  Electrolysis is used to extract the ore
• OILRIG


  oxidation is loss, reduction is gain (of electrons)
• PANIC


  Positive electrode =

  Anode

  Negative electrode =

  Is

  Cathode
• Solid ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity because...


  The ions are not free to move
• If something is less reactive than carbon then you...

  reduce it with carbon (displacement reaction)
• Aluminium oxide is dissolved in

  Cryolite
• Electrolysis of solutions: rule 1

  If more reactive than hydrogen

  H+ ions move to the cathode, forming hydrogen gas

  2H+ + 2e- -> H2
• Electrolysis of solutions: rule 2

  If there is a halide in present then


  the halogen forms
• Electrolysis of solutions: rule 3

  If there is no halogen present then


  The OH- ion from the water moved to the anode and oxygen forms

  4OH-(aq) -> 2H20 + 02 + 4e-