Ionian Revolt

• The Ionian Revolt
• What is a satrap?

  a governer of a designated area
• Why did Aristagoras and Artaphernes fall out?


  Aristagoras had persuaded Artaphernes and Darius to launch an invasion of the island, in the expectation that it would also bring the other islands of the Cyclades into the Persian Empire
• How would Aristagoras have gained if the military action against Naxos had been a success?

  Aristogaras could have hoped to be enriched and for his power to grow
• Which main land Greek city would not support Aristagoras and the Ionian revolt?

  Sparta
• Which main land Greek city did support Aristagoras and the Ionian revolt?

  Athens
• What did they send to support the Ionian Revolt?

  20 ships
• Explain how a tyrant called Hippias had already created a state of conflict between Greece and Persia several years before the Ionian Revolt.


  Hippias had defeated to the Persians and was trying to persuade them to conquer Athens and reinstall him as tyrant
• What city was successfully attacked first by the Greek allies?


  Sardis
• What did they do to Sardis?

  burnt it to the ground
• Which very significant building was completely destroyed and what impact did this have on the Persians?


  The temple of the major Lydian goddess Cybebe and it became a focal point of Persian rage
• What caused the Athenians to withdraw their support from the revolt?

  The greek forces were defeated by skilled Persian cavalry
• Which island was captured by the Ionians and why did the Persians focus their efforts on regaining control of this island?

  Cyprus because it was a key naval base
• What did Histiaeus do when he returned to the Aegean coast?

  He switched sides and supported the revolt
• What cunning tactic did the Persians use before battle to ensure they were victorious against the Ionians?

  They planned lots including trying to buy off Ionian fleets rather than fighting them
• How did the Ionian revolt come to a decisive conclusion?

  The Persian fleet of 600 ships defeated the Greek fleet of 353 ships they bribed some of the Greeks and they deserted at the start of the battle which allowed the Persians to win
• How did the Persians initially punish the Ionians after the revolt?


  The Persians exacted savage reprisals on the Ionians, including sacking a major Greek religious sanctuary, Didyma, which was controlled by Miletus
• What did they do do subsequently that suggested a more open minded approach by the Persians?


  Artaphernes introduced a system for the arbitration of disputes between Ionian cities and he updated the taxation system to make it fairer
• What key factors caused the Ionian revolt?


  - Ionians simply wanted freedom

  - The Ionian cities had become disaffected with their Persian-backed tyrants and wanted rid of them

  - The Persian confiscation of quality land had probably contributed to boundary disputes between the Greek cities and caused conditions for unrest
• What were the successes and failures of the Ionian revolt?


  + Persians forced the wealthy island of Thasos to submit

  - The Persian fleet was wrecked at Mount Athos and they had to withdraw