Ireland 2

• Context sentence (1)

  World war 1 began in 1914 and as a global conflict of unprecedented scale, had far-reaching implications for countries across the world.
• Context sentence (2)

  One country which was unexpectedly affected by the war, was Ireland. The war had a significant impact on Ireland's politics. Whilst Britain was focused on the war at the western front, they had turned a blind eye to the revolutionary events in Ireland
• Irish attitudes to World War I F (1)

  In 1914, Redmond put his home rule campaign on hold. He urged nationalist to fight in the war, assuring that Home Rule had been passed through parliament.
• Irish attitudes to World War I A (1)

  The postponement of Home Rule due to the war fuelled disillusionment among Irish Nationalists, and nationalists agreed to go to war as long as home rule was still on the British Government's agenda
• Irish attitudes to World War I F (1)

  Although most of the Nationalist IVF did go to war alongside the British, a small splinter group disagreed p the majority of the IVF renamed themselves the NVF (National Volunteer Force). The minority retained the name Irish Volunteers and many opposed Ireland's involvement in the war, viewing it as a British imperialist conflict.
• Irish attitudes to World War I A (1)

  This polarised the country and led to a split within the organisation
• Irish attitudes to World War I F (2)

  With the departure of the NVF, the remaining Irish volunteers became increasingly aligned with the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)
• Irish attitudes to World War I A (2)

  This exacerbated tensions and had a political impact because of the increase in support for revolutionary bodies
• Irish attitudes to World War I A+

  Both organisations lacked sufficient arms, training, and coordination - many Irish people remained ambivalent or opposed to the idea of armed rebellion, and the majority of Irish people still favoured home rule
• Irish attitudes to World War I E

  There was some shift in catholic perspective - catholic recruits often faced discrimination in recruitment and promotion within the British military. Differential treatment of catholic and ulster volunteers had an impact on catholic communities in Ireland - alienation contributed to growing nationalist sentiment and support for Irish independence - war can be seen as most significant factor
• Impact of the Easter Rising F (1)

  The Easter Rising is widely regarded as a key turning point in the struggle for Irish independence. 24th April 1916 - small number of Irish Volunteers and members of the Irish Citizen Army, headed by Padraig Pearce, James Connolly, and other leaders marched into central Dublin and seized control of the General Post Office
• Impact of the Easter Rising A (1)

  It helped to shift political viewpoints by encouraging a move and shift towards republicanism and independence for Ireland
• Impact of the Easter Rising F (2)

  29th April, rebels surrendered after 450 volunteers were killed - leaders were to be executed. Almost 100 men were shot after nominal trials
• Impact of the Easter Rising A (2)

  Changed public opinion to support the rising
• Impact of the Easter Rising A+

  Only about 1600 men and women participated on the revel side - this was not a mass movement, making the easter rising insiginficant
• Impact of the Easter Rising E

  British response - which must be seen in the context of a war situation - changed the situation. James Connolly was sentences to public execution and was executed on the 12th of May 1916, contributing to a rise in nationalist sentiment as their perspectives about the British changed. However, the events of easter rising can be seen as a result of the war - Britain's attention was diverted to the western front, away from Ireland, it was the war that acted as a distraction which enabled reveal forces to revolt
• Anti-conscription campaign F (1)

  April 1918, British Government of David Lloyd George tried to extent conception to Ireland. The 1918 Military Service Bill planned to conscript 150,000 Irishmen.
• Anti-conscription campaign A (1)

  This glorified republicanism viewpoint as this measure was deeply unpopular among Irish nationalists, who saw it as an attempt to coerce Irishmen into fighting in a foreign war for British interests. The extension of conscription galvanised support for anti-conscription campaigns
• Anti-conscription campaign F (2)

  In April 1918, the conscription crisis of 1918 united Irish nationalists who circulated anti-conscription cartoons and buttons, and signed pledges promising to assist young men to avoided service.
• Anti-conscription campaign A (2)

  The campaign served as an assertion of Irish identity and autonomy - highlighted Irish resistance to British rule. Served as a form of unification within Ireland in which nationalists come together to defy British rule
• Anti-conscription campaign A+

  This response would not have existed if it weren't for easter rising - the conscription campaign was the British response to the growing levels of support for Irish separatism which was the result of easter rising
• Anti-conscription campaign E

  While the anti-conscription campaign achieved its immediate objective - 2 million people signed anti-conscription pledge, its long-term impact on Ireland was limited. Suppression by the British government limited the campaign effectiveness - 69 Sinn Fein leaders arrested in May 1918 - the event can be seen as a product of WWI
• Decline of the Nationalist Party (IPP) F (1)

  Due to the threat of conscription, there was a decline of the nationalist party and they were becoming less relevant. Following easter rising, Lloyd George proposed a home rule solution which excluded 6 northern counties. Redmond thought this was temporary, whilst unionist part leader Carson thought it was permanent. Unionists would refuse to back home rule after the events of the previous year
• Decline of the Nationalist Party (IPP) A (1)

  Failed negotiations with British government and ulster unionists party exacerbated tensions between north and south, creating divide and split between interests
• Decline of the Nationalist Party (IPP) F (2)

  The Roscommon by-election of 1917 resulted in victory of Sinn Fein and a campaign on a platform of Irish independence
• Decline of the Nationalist Party (IPP) A (2)

  This signalled a break away from British rule and towards a more radical, assertive stance on Irish independence
• Decline of the Nationalist Party (IPP) A+

  Some would argue that the death of John Redmond in March 1918 resulted in the end of the home rule movement and the IPP as a whole, it wasn't a shift in political viewpoints or ideology it was just the end of the party as a whole
• Decline of the Nationalist Party (IPP) E

  The decline of the IPP was part of a broader constellation of forces driving change. If it weren't for the war itself, home rule would not have been postponed in 1914, meaning there would not be disagreements between the north and south
• Rise of Sinn Fein F (1)

  WWI has brought about a set of conditions which allowed a radical party like Sinn Fein to become a tangible option for Irish voters - leadership of Arthur Griffith - the defence of the realm act 1914 and the imposition of martial law, house raids, and the arrest of suspects without trial led many to become more hostile to British rule
• Rise of Sinn Fein A (1)

  Sinn Fein allowed frustrated Irishmen to express that frustration with the British at the ballot box
• Rise of Sinn Fein F (2)

  The release of 'rising prisoners' from Frongoch interment camp gave Sinn Fein a host of new recruits such as Michael Collins, who would later become an IRA commander
• Rise of Sinn Fein A (2)

  The release allowed for a previously diverse group of nationalists to gather under one roof and create a new radical set of ideas
• Rise of Sinn Fein A+

  The rise of Sinn Fein could also be traced back to the aftermath of the easter rising
• Rise of Sinn Fein E

  It was the result of the easter rising. Due to the 2,000 rebels which had been wounded due to the British response to easter rising meant that nationalist viewpoints were bound to grow