Sates of Matter

• Solids


  • Can't be compressed easily
  • Can't flow/diffuse
  • Can be cut
  • Have definite shape & volume
• Liquids


  • Quite hard to control
  • Can't be easily compressed
  • Can flow & take shape of container
  • Can't be cut
  • Have definite volume, indefinite shape
• Gases


  • Hard to control
  • Easy to compress
  • Can't be cut
  • Easily flow to open spaces
  • Indefinite shape & volume
• Particle Arrangement: Solids


  • Fixed arrangment
  • In lattice form (kinda like #)
  • Close together
  • Can only vibrate
• Particle Arrangement: Liquids


  • Close together (must touch)
  • Can flow over each other
  • In constant motion
• Particle Arrangement: Gases

  • Far apart
  • Free to move
  • Moves randomly and is fast
• Changing States of Matter:

  • Solid -> Liquid = melting +E
  • Liquid -> Solid = freezing -E
  • Liquid -> Gas = evaporation +E
  • Gas -> Liquid = condensation -E
  • Solid <-> Gas = sublimation +-E
• Melting Point


  Temperature where solids turn into liquids
• Boiling Point


  Temperature where liqiuids turn into gases
• Particle Movement/Energy

  • Gas = most - fastest - more heat
  • Liq = mid - moves a lot - in the mid
  • Sol = least - doesn't move - less heat
• Why is line straight at melt/boil pt on the graph?

  Particles are constantly absorbing/realeasing energy until all particles change state
• Graph's Slope


  • Increases = sol->liq->gas cuz heat up
  • Decreases = gas->liq->sol cuz heat down
• Cooling/Heating Curve:


  • Cooling = line curves down
  • Heating = line curves up
  • Impurities = affects melting & boiling pt