Phylogeny
Cards (10)
- Phylogenetic classification:
- Based upon the evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
- Classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
- Arranges the groups into a hierarchy, in which the groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap
- Phylogenetic classification:Relationships in a phylogenetic classification are partly based on homologous characteristics
- Homologous characteristics have similar evolutionary origins regardless of their functions in the adult of a species
- Eg: Wing of a bird, arm of a human have the same basic structure and evolutionary origins and are therefore homologous
- Phylogenetic classification system - Attempts to arrange species into groups based on their evolutionary origins and relationships
- Phylogeny - The grouping of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships using common ancestry
- Phylogenetics - The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms using DNA, to determine how closely related they are to one another
- Phylogenetic tree - A diagram showing the phylogeny (evolutionary history/relationship) of groups of organisms
- They are branched, showing which groups have evolved from a common ancestor
- Phylogenetic classification:
- Each group within a phylogenetic biological classification is called a taxon (plural taxa)
- Taxonomy is the study of these groups and their positions in a hierarchical order, where they are known as taxonomic ranks
- Advantages of phylogenetic classification over hierarchical:
- Phylogenetic classification connects groups based on their evolutionary relationships rather than their characteristics
- Advantages of phylogenetic classification over hierarchical:
- Phylogeny gives a better description of the variety present within groups, rather than giving the impression all groups are equal in age - it shows change over time
- Phylogenetic group - A group classified on the basis of evolutionary links such as common ancestors