Ch11: Plantations

• Why the Tudors wanted to conquer Ireland:

  • Expand their territory to more than just Britain
  • Spread their English customs, culture and laws
  • To prevent further rebellions
  • Spread Protestantism in Ireland
• Organisation of the Ulster Plantation:

  • Covered F.A.T.D.D.C. (Fermanagh, Armagh, Tyrone, Derry, Donegal, Cavan)
  • Estates that were distributed to undertakers were no larger than 2000 acres
  • Estates of land were distributed among servitors, the Loyal Irish and undertakers
  • Derry was the place of London craft guilds, giving the name Londonderry
• Types of Planters:

  • English/Scottish undertakers (men given land as long as they did as told) received estates of 2000 acres for £5/1000 acres
  • 13% of land went to Servitors, (English/Scottish Crown soldiers) receiving estates of 1000-1500 acres for £8/1000 acres. They could house Irish tenants but had to strictly control them
  • 14% of land went to the Loyal Irish, (native Irish loyal to the English) receiving estates of 1000 acres for £10/1000 acres
• Results of the Ulster Plantation:

  • Many people emigrated to Ulster, with a Scottish population of 40k in Ulster's 1 million
  • Protestant population of Ireland increased, leading to tensions between Catholics
  • 20 new towns were founded, such as Omagh and Belfast
  • New farming methods were introduced, crops were favoured over cattle
• Penal Laws, the laws preventing Catholics from:

  • Buying/inheriting land
  • Owning weapons
  • Running or teaching schools
  • Attend Trinity College (the only university)
  • Travel more than 5 miles from home
  • Be a civil servant (having a job within the government)
  • Attending Catholic mass
  • Vote in an election
• 1594-1603: Nine Years War - Gaelic clans in Ulster fought against English control

  1603: Treaty of Mellifont - signed by Ulster Gaelic clans and English Crown to end the war. This didn't stop the English

  1607: Flight of the Earls - Gaelic Ulster chiefs fled for Europe to receive troops to fight against the English
• Old English - people living in the Pale loyal to the King

  Anglo-Irish - descendants of Anglo-Normans who invaded Ireland in the 12th century

  Gaelic Irish - Gaelic chieftains who followed Irish law

  Brehon law - Gaelic laws dating from the Iron Age

  Henry VIII was king of England between 1509 and 1547

  Henry tried to make Ireland a British colony with the policy of surrender and regrant