Henry VII - Threats and Rebellions

• What was the date of the Yorkshire Rebellion?

  1489
• What was the size of subsidy asked for before Yorkshire rebellion?

  £100,000 to be gained through tax
• Why did they refuse to pay in Yorkshire?

  French invasion would come from the South
• What was the Yorkshire rebellion motivated by?

  Yorkist sympathies (unsurprising as early in reign)
• What happened to earl of Northumberland?

  Put the case of the Yorkshire people before the king

  King refused

  Killed for returning with nothing
• What did Henry do in responde to Northumberlands murder?

  Sends an army of 8000 men led by Earl of Surrey which puts down the rebellion
• What are the positive outcomes of Yorkshire rebellion?

  Earl of Surrey made lieutenant of the north (patronage)

  Still able to take loan and go to war
• What are the negative outcomes of Yorkshire rebellion?

  Only £30,000 of £100,000 collected

  Image to Europe that England is not united

  Lack of authority remembered and same problem with Cornish rebellion
• When was the Cornish rebellion?

  1497
• Why did the Cornish refuse tax?

  Campaign against Scotland

  No geographical threat to them
• How large was the Cornish rebellion?

  15000 marched into Devon and gained support and supplies
• How far did the Cornish rebels get? (how threatening)

  Guilford- moved Henry to tower of London
• How were the Cornish rebels put down?

  Recalls 8000 men that were headed to Scotland

  Battle of Blackheath - 25000 against the rebels
• What are the negative outcomes of Cornish rebellion?

  Becomes more paranoid- rebellion late in reign

  Had to change foreign policy in Scotland as recalls troops

  Little support from nobles
• When was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?


  1486
• What did lovell and Staffords aim to do?

  Overthrow the king
• How popular was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?

  Gained support even in Worcester where there was mass support for Henry
• How did Lovell and Stafford have foreign support?

  Lovell fled to Margaret of York in Flanders.
• How did Henry keep control over the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?

  Monitored every step with spy network
• How did Henry stop the Worcester rising?

  May 1486 - Henry was in York on a nationwide tour of the country. As soon as he advanced towards Worcester in order to eliminate Yorkist support, the Stafford brothers fled to sanctuary
• What was the problem with the capture of Staffords?

  Broke sanctuary - issues with pope innocent viii but they were quickly resolved
• What are the positive outcome of Lovell and Stafford rebellion?


  Suspended laws of sanctuary in cases of treason- helped later with Warbeck
• What did Henry do with the Stafford brothers and why?

  Older Stafford (Humphrey) executed, younger brother (Thomas) spared. An example for potential rebels but also shows he isn't threatened
• When was the Simnel rebellion?

  1487
• Who did Simnel pretend to be?

  First Richard of York (younger prince in tower), then Earl of Warwick (older prince in tower).
• Who was Simnel's teacher?

  Richard Symonds (priest from Oxford).

  Simnel was only 10 years old
• What foreign support and recognition did Simnel have?

  Crowned Edward VI by Earl of Kildare in Ireland (May)

  Gained support from Margaret of Burgundy who gave him 2000 German merchants (led by Schwarz, talented military leader)

  Foreign support led to domestic support
• Who supported simnel?


  Earl of Lincoln fled t Flanders in May - betrayal from senior noble = weakness.

  Made him harsher and more mistrusting with nobles
• Why did Lincoln not gain support?

  People did not want another civil war
• When was the Battle of Stoke?

  June 16th 1487
• How many were in the battle of Stoke? Who had the upper hand?

  12000 English against 8000 of lincolns

  In the initial stages Lincoln's force held the upper hand (Germans were good soldiers)
• How many people were killed in Battle of Stoke?

  Lincoln, Schwarz and Thomas Geraldine (leader of the Irish) were killed.

  Over half of Lincoln's force was killed.
• What were the punishments for Symonds and Simnel?

  Symonds- life in bishops prison

  Simnel- pardoned earned position in the king's kitchen. Henry recognised that he was not the cause of the invasion but a mere pawn
• What were the positive outcomes of the Simnel rebellion?

  Showed strength and that simnel was no threat to him by pardoning him

  Pardoned many nobles to keep loyal and 28 attained (increasing wealth and dettering others from rebelling)
• What were the negative outcomes of Simnel rebellion?

  Foreign support

  Simnel was believed even after the real Warwick was paraded through London
• When was the Warbeck rebellion?


  1491-1499
• Who did Warbeck pretend to be?

  Richard, Duke of York
• Why was pretending to be Richard a problem for Henry?

  Younger prince in tower, likely dead therefore cannot show the real one.
• What foreign support did Warbeck have?

  Charles VIII in Paris 1492 (around 100 Yorkist supporters gathered there to see him),

  Margaret of Burgundy in Flanders (took Warbeck as her nephew

  Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian (recognised Warbeck as Richard IV of England

  then James IV
• What were Henry's advantages against Warbeck?

  Maximilian wasn't as influential in real life as he was on paper

  Charles VIII of France lost interest in Warbeck and directed his attention and finance towards north Italy, which he invaded in 1494.

  Henry's spy network across Europe let him know that Warbeck's support was falling