Classification.

• What are the five kingdoms of life excluding viruses?

  Animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria
• Why are viruses considered the odd one out among living organisms?

  They are not classified as living organisms
• What type of cells are animals, plants, fungi, and protists made of?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is a key feature of eukaryotic cells?

  DNA is in the form of chromosomes
• How do bacteria differ from eukaryotic organisms?

  They are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus
• How much smaller are bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells?

  10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the size comparison of viruses to prokaryotic cells?

  Viruses are 10 to 100 times smaller
• What is the estimated number of animal species on Earth?

  Between 5 and 10 million
• What do all animals have in common?

  They are multicellular and heterotrophs
• How many cells is an adult human estimated to have?

  Around 40 trillion cells
• How do plants obtain their energy?

  Through photosynthesis from sunlight
• How many species of plants are estimated to exist?

  Around 300,000 species
• What distinguishes fungi from plants?

  Fungi cannot photosynthesize
• What is saprotrophic nutrition in fungi?

  Digestive enzymes break down food externally
• What is the structure made of hyphae in multicellular fungi called?

  Mycelium
• What is a pathogen in the context of fungi?

  Fungi that can cause disease in humans
• What do the terms protists and protozoa refer to?

  They refer to the same kingdom of organisms
• What is the common characteristic of most protists?

  They are unicellular organisms
• How do some protists obtain energy?

  Through photosynthesis or consuming organisms
• What disease is caused by the species Plasmodium?

  Malaria
• Where can bacteria be found?

  Almost everywhere, including on skin
• What is the primary feeding method of most bacteria?

  Feeding off living or dead organisms
• What is a common disease caused by bacteria?

  Salmonella causing food poisoning
• What defines viruses as non-living particles?

  They cannot reproduce outside living cells
• What is the basic structure of a virus?

  A protein coat surrounding genetic material
• Why are viruses considered parasites?

  They depend on hosts to reproduce
• What is a common example of a virus?

  Influenza virus
• What are the key features of the five kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: multicellular, heterotrophs, reproduce sexually
  • Plants: multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthesize
  • Fungi: multicellular/ unicellular, heterotrophs, saprotrophic nutrition
  • Protists: mostly unicellular, diverse energy sources
  • Bacteria: unicellular, diverse habitats, some pathogenic
• What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?

  • Eukaryotic: have a nucleus, larger size, complex structure
  • Prokaryotic: no nucleus, smaller size, simpler structure
• What are the characteristics of viruses?

  • Non-living particles
  • Require living cells to reproduce
  • Composed of protein coat and genetic material
  • Always pathogenic to hosts
• What are the feeding methods of different organisms in the kingdoms of life?

  • Animals: heterotrophs
  • Plants: autotrophs
  • Fungi: saprotrophs
  • Protists: varied (autotrophs and heterotrophs)
  • Bacteria: varied (some autotrophs, mostly heterotrophs)
• What is the significance of understanding the differences between these groups of organisms?

  • Helps in classifying living organisms
  • Aids in understanding ecological roles
  • Important for medical and environmental studies