T3- Ethnic diff

• Individual racism results from the prejudiced views of individual teachers and others
• Institutional racism discrimination that is built into the way institutions such as schools and colleges operate
• Critical race theory- Racism is 'locked-in inequality', which means that the scale of historical discrimination is so large that there is no longer a need to have a conscious intent to discriminate; the inequality becomes self-perpetuating and feeds on itself.
• Who takes about the ethnocentric curriculum - Ball
• The 'assessment game' is rigged so as to validate the dominant cultures superiority
• Marketisation and segregation- Racism in schools produces means that minority ethnic children are more likely to end up in unpopular schools
• Access to opportunities - the 'gifted and talented' programme was created with the aim of meeting the needs of more able students in inner city areas. Gilborn points out official stats show white pupils are over twice as likely as Black Caribbean pupils to be identified as gifted and talented and 5 times more likely than Black African pupils
• Intellectual and linguistic skills are the external factors effecting ethnicity
• Teachers are internally racist and label students accordingly. The ideal pupil, pathologies, demonised and passive
• Ways in which schools are institutionally racist consist of: Marketisation and segregation, the ethnocentric curriculum, access to opportunities, the new IQism and assessments.
• Who talks about intellectual and linguistic skills - Bereiter and Engelmann
• Who talks about the 'New IQism' - Gilborn and Youdell
• Who talks about African-Caribbean family life - Sewell
• Lack of fatherly nurturing or though love that leads to black boys underachieving- street gangs of other fatherless boys offer black boys 'preserve loyalty and love'. These present boys with a media inspired role model of anti-school black masculinity.
• Who talks about Asian family life - Lupton
• The adult authority that operates in Asian families is similar to the model in schools, respectful behaviour towards adults is expected, since parents were more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies.
• Who talks about white working-class family life -McCulloch
• Minority ethnic pupils are more likely to aspire to go to university than white pupils. May be the result of lack of parental support.
• The rebels- reject goals and rules of school
• The conformists - keep to succeed, had friends, from other ethnic groups
• The retreatists- disconnected from school and black subculture
• The innovators- pro-education but anti-school