ASTRONOMY

• Astronomy


  The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space
• Gravity


  an attractive force that effects anything with a mass
• Who discovered gravity


  Isaac Newton
• Mass


  the amount of matter in an object

  measured in kilos or grams
• Weight


  A measure of the force of gravity on an object

  Measured in Newtons (N)
• Gravitational Field strength on Earth

  10N/kg (10 newtons per kilogram)
• Comets are . . .

  . . . are frozen rocks that orbit the sun
• Orbit of comets


  Long, narrow elliptical orbits
• What are comets made of

  ice
• Phases of the moon

  new

  young

  waxing crescent

  first quarter

  waxing gibbous

  full

  waning gibbous

  third quarter

  waning crescent

  old
• waning meaning


  getting smaller
• waxing meaning


  getting bigger
• Spring tides occur


  full moon and new moon
• Neap tides occur


  twice a month, at first and third quarter moon.
• Cause of seasons


  The earth orbits whilst spinning on its axis
• Geocetric Model


  The universe with the Earth at the centre

  (ARISTOTLE)
• Heliocentric Model


  Sun-centred model of the solar system

  (COPERNICUS)
• Epicycles


  movements of planets in perfect circle

  (Potolemy)
• What did Gileleo do

  Perfect the telescope
• What did Galileo see?

  He saw four moons orbiting Jupiter, this went against the geocentric model
• Kepler


  orbits of planets around the sun were elliptical

  do not orbit at a constant speed

  orbit is related to its distance from the sun.
• The gravitational strength increases when the mass is ________ and objects are _______

  mass is large

  objects are closer
• Symbol for gravitational field strength


  g
• Gravitational field strength on Earth

  10N/kg
• A girl has a mass of 50kg

  What is her weight on Earth?

  550 N (Newtons)
• Gravitational field strength on the moon

  1/6th of that on Earth
• Gravitational field strength on Jupiter

  25N/kg
• How do stars produce heat and light?

  Through nuclear fusion
• How do we see planets and moons in the night sky?

  Light bounces of planets and moon from their star
• Planets of the solar system

  Mercury

  Venus

  Earth

  Mars

  Jupiter

  Saturn

  Uranus

  Neptune
• In the night sky apart from the moon, what else can we see that reflect of light?

  Venus
• Months of spring


  March, April, May
• Months of summer


  June, July, August
• Months of Autumn


  September October, November
• Months of Winter


  December, January, February
• The seasons on the Earth . . .

  Autumn Equinox (top)

  Summer Solstice (right)

  Spring Equinox (bottom)

  Winter Solstice (left)

  
• The sun rises in the ___________

  The sun sets in the ___________

  Rises in EAST

  Sets in the WEST
• Spring tides


  High tides are DEEPER

  Low tided are SHALLOWER
• Neap tides


  The high tides are LESS DEEP

  The low tides are LESS SHALLOW
• Why do we always see the same side of the moon?

  The moon revolves and rotates at the same speed.