APA Style Guide/Anatomy of News Story

• APA


  Name/date format
• MLA


  Name format
• MLA


  Follows title case
• APA


  Follows sentence case
• Author's first name


  Rarely if ever used when using APA format
• In-text citation: three or more authors


  Use et al. and the name of the lead author
• APA


  Uses specific bias-free language as certain terms can connote stereotypes
• Parenthetical citation


  In-sentence plus (year)
• Narrative citation


  Parenthesized after the sentence
• Title-case for in-text citation and sentence-case for reference list
• Secondary sources


  Write "as cited in"
• "P"


  Used for a single page
• "pp"


  Used for multiple pages
• Academic writing encourages paraphrasing over quotes
• Page numbers should only be included if the source is something that will likely be checked/reviewed needing page numbers
• Signal Phrases


  • have noted
  • contended
  • observed
  • has compared
• • Quoting
  • The process of quoting involves sentences, phrases, or paragraphs that are being used "word for word" in cases where the author's language is distinctive, or uniquely makes a point. Quoting can be executed using solely the author's surname, then employing their concepts or language into the sentence. Or, it can be done directly, using the language or ideas individually, followed by the author's surname in the in-text citation.
• • Paraphrasing
  • Paraphrasing can be done by using a concept from a sentence, paragraph, or passage, and completely rewriting it in your own words. This idea should be employed in cases where the overall concept is more notable or significant than the specific language used. However, the paraphrasing should remain factually accurate to the original work.
• • Summarizing
  • Similar to the method of paraphrasing, summarizing should be utilized when the complete idea is more significant than the specific language. However, different to paraphrasing, summarizing should compress a much greater set of ideas than simply a sentence or paragraph. Using summarizing will often develop into original thoughts or analysis on the original work. Summarizing, unlike paraphrasing or quoting, does not necessarily always have to include page numbers, as it often involves larger works.
• Double space your references
• Flush left the first line of the reference entry, and indent the subsequent entries
• Alphabetically order your reference entries by surname of the first author of each work
• Always attribute if the information comes from a different source, yet is phrased in your own words, i.e. paraphrased, it must still be cited
• To ensure that your work is in your own word, using the original text first, remove the work, then attempt to write your summary without using the original work
• If your work is factually accurate, you have successfully paraphrased
• If not, using the original work, correct your writing, while assuring that your paraphrase does not mirror the original work
• Always format author's name using their last name followed by the first, and only capitalize the first letter of the first word of both the title and subtitle, proper nouns, and the first word after a color or dash in a title
• Never capitalize the first letter of the second word in compound word that is hyphenated
• Remember to capitalize all major words in journal titles, italicize the titles of books, journals and other longer works, and never italicize, underline or quote titles of shorter works including journal articles, or essays found in edited collections
• Helpful rules and strategies for compiling your reference list are identifying the exact type of source, finding a sample citation for the source type you are using, "mirroring" the respective sample, ensuring the entries are listed alphabetically, and indenting subsequent lines
• For a parenthetical citation, include the author's surname, publication year, and parentheses, separated by a comma
• The page number should follow the publication year, be separated by a comma, and include a lowercase p followed by a period
• When directly quoting, include the author, publication year, and lastly the page number
• If your citation includes two or more works, order them in the same manner they appear in the list of reference, using "&" in between authors' names, and separating them using a semicolon
• For citations using an organization or "group" author, in the first mention of the source list the abbreviation in square brackets, followed by both a comma and the publication year
• For citations where there is no known author, cite the first word of the title, followed by the publication year
• For a narrative citation, include the author's name directly in the sentence as well as the publication year after the author's surname
• The page number should be included at the end of the sentence, with a lowercase p followed by a period
• When including direct quotations, use the author's last name in the signal phrase, following with the publication year in parentheses, and the page number to conclude the quote
• In citations with two authors, use "and" in between authors' names