MIDDLE EAST & WWI

• What was the Middle East like in 1914?

  In 1914, the Middle East was characterized by the decline of the Ottoman Empire, increasing European influence, and growing nationalist movements
• What was the purpose of the Ottoman Declaration of Jihad?

  The purpose of the Ottoman Declaration of Jihad was to rally Muslims in support of the Ottoman Empire by portraying the war as a holy struggle against the Allied powers
• Who was Sharif Hussein, and how did the British convince him to join the war?

  Sharif Hussein was a prominent Arab leader who was convinced to join the war by the British through promises of Arab independence and support against the Ottoman Empire
• Why did Sharif Hussein not get what he wanted after the war?

  Sharif Hussein did not get what he wanted after the war because the promises made by the British conflicted with agreements made with other parties, such as the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the Balfour Declaration, which divided the region and favored other interests
• What were mandates?


  Mandates were territories administered by Western powers, under the authority of the League of Nations, after WWI. They were meant to prepare these territories for self-government, but often maintained colonial control and influence
• What identities became important after WWI? Why?

  Identities that became important after WWI included national identities, particularly among Arab populations seeking independence from Ottoman and European rule. This was fueled by disillusionment with colonial powers and aspirations for self-determination
• Using evidence from the Middle East and WWI, explain the consequences of World War I from a political and cultural point of view.

  The consequences of WWI in the Middle East included the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, the establishment of European mandates, the redrawing of borders, the emergence of nationalist movements, and the lasting impact of colonialism on political and cultural dynamics
• What was the most important way that World War I changed the region in the past 100 years?

  The most important way that WWI changed the region in the past 100 years was the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent establishment of new nation-states, which reshaped the political landscape and laid the foundation for ongoing conflicts and tensions in the region.