The Rise and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty

• Nicholas II Romanov


  Last Tsar of Russia from 1894 to 1917. He and his family were murdered.
• Autocrat


  An absolute ruler with unlimited power.
• Sergei Witte


  Prime Minister of Russia who supported economic and political reforms.
• Pyotr Stolypin


  Prime Minister of Russia who supported economic and political reforms.
• October Manifesto


  Nicholas II's response to the 1905 Revolution, promising political reform.
• Russo-Japanese War


  War fought between Russia and Japan from 1904 to 1905.
• World War I


  A global conflict from 1914 to 1918, which led to the collapse of Nicholas' regime.
• Russo-Japanese War defeats


  Losses suffered by Russia in the war against Japan.
• The month when Nicholas II abdicated.

  March 1917
• Romanov dynasty


  The ruling family of Russia from 1613 to 1917.
• Trans-Siberian railway


  An ambitious project to build a railway across Siberia.
• Industrial expansion


  Significant growth in industrial sectors.
• Foreign investment


  Capital invested in a country by individuals or organizations from other countries.
• Redemption payments


  Payments made by peasants to buy their land from the government.
• Father Gapon


  An Orthodox priest and working-class leader during the 1905 Revolution.
• Bloody Sunday massacre


  The violent suppression of a peaceful protest led by Father Gapon.
• Russian Constitution of 1906


  A major revision of the Russian Empire's laws, granting limited political reforms.
• Fundamental Laws


  Constitutional laws that transformed Russia into a constitutional monarchy.