RIZZAL

• El Filibusterismo


  19th Century
• Antonio Morga


  • He was a Spanish administrator who served in the Philippines in the late 16th century
  • He was born in Seville in 1559 and began working for the government in 1580
  • He served as the Lieutenant Governor, the second most powerful position in the colony of the Philippines in 1583
  • He was a judge of the audiencia
  • He was later investigated for corruption and was found guilty. Before being sent to the gallows. However, he died in 1638
• Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas

  • It consists of 7 chapters
  • The First Five Chapters deal with the governor-generals who served in the Philippines from the time of Miguel Lopez de Villalobos in 1565 to Pedro de Acuña in 1606
  • The Last Chapter "An account of the Philippine Island" provided ample description of early Filipinos upon the arrival of the Spaniards in the 17th Century
• Where Rizal annotated Morga's Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas

  • Rizal annotated Morga's work at the British Museum, where he found the book as an extension of the collection, which talks about the pre-colonia era of the Philippines. His work was known to be more credible than the work of laymen
  • In 1890, the book was published in Paris
• Why Morga wrote Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas

  He wrote it in order to share his accounts of what Philippines went through during the start of the colonization of the Philippines. He was known as one of the only fee eye witnesses
• Who annotated Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas

  • Dr. Jose Rizal along with his friend Ferdinand Blumentrit, annotated Morga's work
• Why Rizal and Blumentrit annotated Morga's book


  • Because they wanted to find out what happened in the Philippine Islands during the start of the Spanish Colonization, and how the colonizers ruled over our country
  • To find out the truth behind the events of Spanish colonization
  • To find out the religion, culture, tradition, manners, and overall what life was like for Filipinos during and after the pre-colonial period
• Who inspired Rizal to annotate Sucesos de Las Filipinas

  His friendship with Ferdinand Blumentrit inspired him to annotate Morga's work
• What does the title "Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas" mean

  • Villalobos named our country de Las Islas Filipinas
  • The Spanish colony began in Visayas in Samar and Leyte, and Villalobos was the first governor general
• Reasons behind the indolence of the Filipinos

  • Abuse and discrimination by the Spanish gov't is one of the factors that led to the indolence of Filipinos
  • Lack of adequate job opportunities due to the inaction of the Spanish gov't
  • Perennial corruption and red tape(under the table/shady transactions) in the Spanish gov't
  • The wrong doctrine of the church
  • The wrong example from the Spanish gov't, which led to a life of indolence
• According to Rizal, Filipinos aren't inherently lazy, rather, their indolence was the result of the treatment, which includes the discrimination and abuse in the hands of the Spaniards and the Filipino Elite towards the native Filipinos
• Indolence


  The lack of interest or enthusiasm for work
• Filipinos became indolent due to the slavery of the Spanish, resulting in a lack of cohesiveness to do work, deception, oppression, and overall mistreatment that made them unable to realize their true potential in life
• Rizal's solution to the indolence of the Filipinos

  Adequate education and liberty from the oppressive Spanish colonizers. With the right education, Filipinos will know better about the current situation they are facing and be able to think for themselves and to think about what is right or wrong, especially when it comes to how the Spaniards treated them
• Meaning of El Filibusterismo in 1810

  • Wenceslao Retana was the one who is eager for the independence of the country to various extralegal proceding in order to attain the objective of that person
  • During 19th century the Spanish colonial government defined Filibusterismo as someone who work for the separation of our business province or someone who wants to declare independence from their colony
  • According to Rizal, it is someone who wants to rebel against or oppose the gov't in order to gain independence
• Historical context and content of El Filibusterismo in 1891

  • Belgium: Valentin Ventura helped Rizal by giving him money to publish El Filibusterismo in March of 1891
  • It was dedicated to GomBurZa, who were accused of being Filibusteros in 1872, during the Cavite mutiny
  • The main theme of El Filibusterismo is dealing with the subversion/rebellion
  • It pictures the lives of people under an oppressive rule
  • It narrates the struggle of every Filipino in fighting for independence
• Struggles Rizal went through during the publication of El Filibusterismo


  • Rizal encountered financial issues, as he needed assistance from Ventura in order to publish his novel
  • Rizal's family was accused during the time Hacienda De Laguna issue happened, which served as an eye-opener to him
  • He was accused of subversion by the Spanish government due to his more rebellious writing style in El Filibusterismo
  • This anger that he felt from the Spaniards, rather than intimidating him, instead served as an inspiration for him to publish this novel
• Main themes of El Filibusterismo

  • Social Inequality
  • Corruption
  • Abuse of power
• Importance of history in reading a historical novel

  • Studying history helps us understand how events made things the way that they are today
  • In the past, we have not learned about ourselves and how we came to be. But now, we have the ability to know how to avoid those incidents from repeating
• Condition of the Philippines based on El Filibusterismo


  Social injustice, discrimination, and lock of adequate education was prevalent
• Main idea of Rizal's "A Century Hence"

  • Rizal wrote it trying to predict the future of his motherland
  • His work foresaw the Philippines' future in a hundred years by formulating the current situation and circumstances in order to arrive at a vision of the Philippines' future
• "The Philippines a Century Hence" is a socio-political essay written by Rizal(Sept. 1889-Jan. 1890) in the magazine "La Solidaridad"
• "The Philippines a Century Hence" is not a novel, it is an essay that provided a prediction of the future of the Philippines
• Purpose of Rizal in writing "The Philippines a Century Hence"


  In essence, the introduction of "The Philippines a Century Hence" set the stories for Rizal's discussion about the country's future. He highlighted the importance of understanding the Philippines' past and present in order to envision a better future for the nation
• Reflection of Rizal in "The Philippines a Century Hence"


  Rizal wrote this socio-political essay in order to discuss freedom and love for the country and it's people. He predicted that if the Spanish colonizers don't insist on a reform, American will invade us