QUIZ OPMA FINALS

• Quality Gurus

  1. Walter Shewhart

  2. W. Edwards Deming

  3. Joseph M. Juran

  4. Philip B. Crosby

  5. Kaoru Ishikawa

  6. Genichi Taguchi

  7. Taiichi Ohno & Shigeo Shingo
• Walter Shewhart

  “Father of Statistical Quality Control”

  Developed methods for analyzing the output of industrial processes to determine when corrective action was necessary
• W. Edwards Deming

  Assisted the Japanese after the WWII to improve quality and productivity
• Deming Prize

  Prize established by the Japanese

  and awarded annually to firms

  that distinguish themselves with

  quality management programs
• W. Edwards Deming

  • Known for his 14-point prescription to achieve quality in an organization; key elements are constancy of purpose, continual improvement, profound knowledge
• W. Edwards Deming

  • Emphasized that the cause of inefficiency and poor quality is the system, not the employees
• Joseph M. Juran

  • Views quality as fitness-for-use
  • 80% of quality defects are management controllable
  • Quality planning, Quality control and Quality improvement (Quality Trilogy)
  • Measured cost of quality
• Armand Feigenbaum

  • Advanced the “cost of non-conformance” approach
  • Saw that when improvements were made in a process, other areas of the company also achieved improvements
• Philip B. Crosby

  • Developed the concept of zero defects
  • Stressed prevention
  • Also gave emphasis on the role of management in achieving quality
• Kaoru Ishikawa

  • Developed the cause-and-effect diagram (fishbone diagram) for problem solving
  • Implementation of quality circles
• Genichi Taguchi

  • Known for the Taguchi loss function which involves a formula

  for determining cost of poor quality

  • Deviation of a part from a standard causes a loss
• Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo

  • Developed the philosophy and methods of Kaizen (continuous improvement)
• The Deming Cycle or Deming Wheel is also known as PDCA, or “Plan, Do, Check, Act.”

  It is a version of continuous improvement that emphasizes the continuous nature of process improvement.
• Walter Shewhart

  • His work focused around the need to reduce variation in order to improve quality
• Joseph Juran

  He emphasized the importance of three specific factors which came to be known as the quality trilogy: quality planning, quality control and quality improvement.
• Joseph Juran 

  He is responsible for creating the concept known today the cost of quality.
• Joseph Juran

  made the Pareto Principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, well known today as a tool for problem solving and continuous improvement.
• Armand Feigenbaum

  He devised the concept of total quality control, which later became total quality management (TQM). He is also known for his concept of a “hidden plant.” He felt that a large portion of a plant’s capacity is wasted due to the large amount of failures and defects.
• Scrap

  • Product that is unable to be repaired
• 3 Quality Systems

  • total quality management (TQM), ISO9001, and Six Sigma.
• TQM principles

  1. Customer Satisfaction
  2. Employee Involvement
  3. Continuous Improvement
• Quality circles

  • employees who perform similar jobs work as teams
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

  • is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various standards organizations.
• Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)

  •  is a quality management system for organizations in the food processing industry. 
• Six Sigma

  • is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement.
  • It is a comprehensive quality system for achieving business success by minimizing variation in business processes. 
• Check Sheets

  This is a custom designed form used to record the number of occurrences of a particular outcome of interest.
• Histograms

  Raw data from a check sheet may be put into, contains ranges of the data
• Control Charts

  • monitor the performance of a process over time
• Pareto Charts

  • A special type of bar chart that shows the number of occurrences of a particular characteristic, ordered from highest to lowest. 
  • helps us focus our attention on the defects that occur the most frequently and to allocate the resources accordingly.
• Scatter Diagrams

  • A simple diagram helps to figure out if there is a relationship between two variables.
• European Quality Award

  • most prestigious award for organizational excellence
• International Asia Pacific Quality Award

  • quality award for companies operating around the Pacific and Indian Oceans
• Supply Chain refers to the group of organizations that are linked together by their participation in order to fulfill a customer order from the sourcing of raw materials through the production of goods to distribution and sale.
• Organizations that participate in a supply chain include suppliers, manufacturers, transporters (also known as carriers), distribution centers, wholesalers, retailers and end-consumers.
• 3 types of main flows that happen in any supply chains: 

  1. flow of materials/goods
  2. flow of money/cash
  3. flow of information. 
•  flow of materials/goods happens all the way from higher tier suppliers (upstream) to the end-consumer (downstream). if there is any returns for any reason, there will be a reverse flow.
• Flow of money (cash flow) happens from downstream to upstream.

  For example, the retailer needs to pay the distributor for the goods they have received from them.
• Flow of Information - this includes data about orders, shipments, inventory levels, delivery schedules, etc.
• The Supply Chain Management process involves planning, implementing, controlling and monitoring activities within an organization's own operations and those of its partners along the supply chain.
• Flow of information happens both ways in the supply chain.