Cry in pugad lawin

• Katipunan


  Secret society discovered by Spanish authorities
• Bonifacio's actions


  Secretly instructed runners to summon Katipunan leaders to a general assembly
• An undeniable fact which the primary witnesses
• Historians are torn with the place where and date
• Places mentioned


  • Balintawak
  • Kangkong
  • Pugad Lawin
  • Bahay Toro
• Dates mentioned


  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26 of August 1896
• Ang Unang Sigaw ng Himagsikan

  The Cry of Rebellion in Balintawak, Caloocan
• Guillermo Masangkay's account


  • Cry happened on 26th of August at Apolonio Samson's house in Balintawak
  • Bonifacio, Jacinto, del Rosario, Remigio, Pantas, Plata, Valenzuela, Pacheco, Carreon present
  • Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan, Cavite, and Morong present
  • Meeting opened with Bonifacio presiding and Jacinto as secretary
• "You remember that fate of our countrymen who were shot in Bagumbayan": 'Bonifacio'
• "Revolt!" the people shouted as one
• "If it is true that you are ready to revolt. I want to see you destroy your cedulas. It will be a sign that all of us have declared our severance from the Spaniards."
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela's account

  • Cry happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896
  • First place of refuge was Balintawak, arrived there on August 19 and 20, 1896
  • 500 members met on August 22, 1896 with no resolution adopted
  • 1,000 members met on August 23, 1896 and many tore their cedulas
• Santiago Alvarez's account


  • Events transpired in Bahay Toro on August 24, 1896
  • Bonifacio assigned guards on August 22, 1896
  • They carried assorted weapons
  • Cabesang Melchora provided food
• Plans discussed


  1. Uprising to start at midnight of August 29, 1896

  2. Uprising could start earlier if favorable opportunity arose

  3. To be on alert to strike when enemy at a disadvantage

  4. Immediate objective was capture of Manila
• After the meeting, there were tumultuous shouts of "Long live the Sons of the People!"
• Guillermo Masangkay changed his narrative


  From August 26 to August 23, 1896
• Places claimed as site of the Cry

  • Balintawak (Gregorio Zaide)
  • Pugad Lawin (Teodoro Agoncillo)
  • Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod, Banlat, Quezon City (Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, Ramon Villegas)
• There was no official evidence of Pugad Lawin before World War II
• The Cry of Pugad Lawin of August 23 is an imposition and erroneous interpretation, contrary to indisputable and numerous historical facts
• Borromeo-Buehler's analysis


  • Bonifacio invited Katipuneros to Balintawak to discuss plans
  • Heated discussions in Kangkong meetings from August 23-26, 1896
  • High ranking members opposed early uprising, agreed on August 29, 1896
  • De facto revolutionary government led by Bonifacio confirmed, military commands assigned
  • Apolonio Samson and Melchora Aquino received and provisioned Katipuneros
  • Laong's raids on August 25 attracted Spanish troops, some Katipuneros left that night
  • Spanish troops headed to Kangkong on August 26, Katipuneros left for Pasong Tamo where first shooting occurred, they tore cedulas
• Cry of Balintawak


  Culmination of Bonifacio's efforts to force change and beginning of Filipino nationhood
• Aguinaldo implied nationalist impact of Balintawak uprising in Biak-na-Bato constitution
• What should be celebrated is the establishment of a revolutionary or de facto government, designation of Bonifacio as Kataastaasang Pangulo, and election of cabinet ministers and local leaders