Facilities and Equipment

• The basketball court, backboard and rim, foul line, key point line, line marking, ball, basket, and shoes are the facilities and equipment in basketball.
• FIBA Court Dimensions:

  Court Length 28m, Court width 15m, Center circle diameter 3.6m, 3-point line 6.75m, Key width 4. 9m, & Free throw line 4.6m
• Their position will depend on how regulated the game will be.

  Officiating Staff
• The minimum number is five: a referee, an umpire, a scorer, a timer, and a shot-clock operator.
• in some cases, eight officials are used in a lineup: a referee, two umpires, a shot-clock operator, two scorers, and two timers.
• The official in charge who controls the game.

  referee
• The Referee tosses the ball up for the center jump at the start of the game and each overtime period.
• His/her duties range from inspecting and approving all equipment before the game's starting time to approving the final score

  Referee
• In between periods, the referee is responsible for notifying each team three minutes before each half is to begin and deciding matters of disagreement among the officials.
• He/She has the power to make decisions (except on things not specifically covered in the rules) and even to forfeit the game if deemed necessary


  Referee
• In the actual play, there is no practical difference between the referee and umpire(s) because of the speed of the play
• The rules specify that no official has the authority to question decisions made by another official
• The officials' control begins 30 minutes before the starting time and 15 minutes for women's games
• When the referee leaves the confines of the playing area at the end of the game, it signals that the score is final and cannot be changed
• In jump balls at the start of the game and all overtime, officials ball up straight
• At other times, muston during play resumes with a throw-in
• The team that falls to get the ball after the first center jump will begin the alternating process.
• Whenever a foul occurs, an official is required to signal the timer to stop the clock; and designate the offender to the scorer by using his/her fingers to indicate the number of free throws
• When a team is entitled to throw-in, an official must:

  • signal what the cause of the ball to become dead;
  • indicate the throw-in spot (except after a goal), and
  • designate the team entitled to the throw-in
• Duties of the Scorers and Timers

  1. Record names and numbers of all players in numerical order

  2. Enter field goals and free throws made and missed

  3. Record the running summary of points scored

  4. Enter fouls called on each player and inform officials when a player-disqualification or bonus-free-throw situation arises

  5. Record timeouts and report when a team's allotted number has been used

  6. Record when a squad member has been ejected for fighting
• Game-clock and shot-clock operators


  Carry out the responsibility of timing regulations and to keep everyone abreast of key factors in executing their timing regulations
• Beginning with one hand raised above head, the start of the clock is indicated by dropping the raised hand directly towards the floor.

  Start Clock
• To stop the clock at any point in the game, the referee will raise one hand straight over head with his palms facing out and finger tips pointed.

  Stop Clock

  
• When an official wishes to signal for a full timeout it is indicated by two arms spread to the sides forming a “T” shape

  Full Timeout

  
• To indicate a thirty second timeout has been called by one of the teams, the official will take both hands and place them on top of his shoulders with his elbows out

  Thirty second timeout

  
• When both players have control over the ball at the same time, it is indicated by both thumbs pointing upwards with arms extended

  Jump Ball

  
• If a substitute player wishes to enter the game it is indicated by having one hand facing the time keeper, raised in a “stop” manner, and the other hand waving the substitute player into the game.

  Substitution

  
• When a player commits a personal foul, the referee will give a specific signal to indicate the type of foul and which player has committed the foul.

  Basketball Foul Signals
• One hand on the back of the head and the other pointing in the opposite direction of the play indicates a charge call has been made


  Player Control Foul (Charge)

  
• When a player commits a hand check foul, it is signaled by having one arm extended in front of the chest with the fingers up, and the other arm grabbing the wrist

  Hand Check

  
• If a defensive player commits a blocking foul the official will have both hands, in fists, touching his hips, and his elbows in tight against his body

  Blocking

  
• The holding signal is made by having one arm extended upwards in front of the face, and the other hand grabbing the wrist.

  Holding

  
• the official will have both hands extended straight in front of him, with his palms facing outward.

  Pushing

  
• the official will put both arms above his head and cross them.

  intentional foul

  
• the referee will place both his hands in front of him and put them in the formation of a letter “T” .

  Technical Foul

  
• If two players have committed a foul at the same time, the referee will put both hands, in fists, extended out towards the sides.

  Double Foul

  
• An illegal hand use foul is signaled by the official putting both of his hands in front of him, at waist level, and grabbing one of his wrists with the other hand.

  Illegal Hand Use

  
• A violation is a rule which is broken, but it does not result in a player picking up a personal foul. The other team is awarded possession of the ball
• When a player has committed a traveling violation, the official will signal it by placing both of his hands in front of him and moving them in a circle.


  Traveling

  
• In order to signal a palming or carrying violation, the referee will have one hand at the side, flipped over from palm up to palm down

  Carrying/Palming