Plants

• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight -> glucose + oxygen
• what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Where does photosynthesis take place?

  In the chlorophyll organelles in the plant cells
• What energy is needed for photosynthesis?

  light energy
• Plants create their own food, what is this called?

  autotrophs
• Starch test method for plants:

  • remove prepared leaf from the plant
  • boil in water to soften it and weaken the cell membranes
  • to remove the chlorophyll, place the leaf in a boiling tube with enough ethanol to cover the leaf
  • place the boiling tube in a beaker of boiling water
  • one the ethanol has turned a deep green due to the chlorophyll, remove the leaf from the ethanol and dip in the hot water
  • place the leaf on a white tile and add some drops of iodine solution to cover the leaf
  • iodine changes from orange/brown to blue/black if starch is present
• what is the only part of a plant cell that is completely permeable?

  the cell wall
• which part of the cell is made from cellulose?

  the cell wall
• Label the different parts of the image

  1. waxy cuticle
  2. upper epidermis
  3. chloroplast
  4. vascular bundle
  5. lower epidermis
  6. guard cell
  7. stomata
  8. air space
  9. spongy mesophyll layer
  10. palisade mesophyll layer

  A) Waxy cuticle

  B) chloroplast

  C) vascular bundle

  D) lower epidermis

  E) guard cell

  F) stomata

  G) air space

  H) spongy mesophyll layer

  I) palisade mesophyll layer

  J) upper epidermis

  
• Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata.
• The waxy cuticle helps prevent loss of moisture by being impermeable to water.
• The palisade mesophyll layer contains many chloroplasts which are responsible for photosynthesis.
• How does water move up the xylem?


  Water moves upwards from the root to the leaves in the xylem with mineral ions. The water molecules 'stick' together due to cohesion and stick to the xylem vessel due to adhesion. This is caused by special hydrogen bonds- an intermolecular force. Water is pulled up as continuous column creating cohesion tension.
• Why is water important for structure in a plant?

  To keep cells turgid and prevents wilting