Lesson 10

• What does the word neonate refer to?

  Newborn babies
• Why do neonates rely on non-verbal modes of communication?

  To ensure their survival because they can't talk, suggesting that baby is have an innate sets of behaviors
• What do some psychologists suggest that babies are born with?

  Social releases
• What are social releases?

  Infant behaviors and characteristics which encourage and innate nurturing response from adults
• What are examples of social releasers?

  Smiling and making eye contact
• Why are social releases adaptive?

  Because they mean the baby will be cared for and the parents genes will be passed on
• What has studies of babies found in relation to facial expressions?

  They are capable of effectively expressing their emotions through facial expressions right from birth, suggesting that this mode of communication is adaptive
• What has research found about sensory deprived children?

  They have demonstrated the ability to exhibit non-verbal behaviors, compelling the implying some of these behaviors are inherently due to nature
• What does the fact that non-verbal behavior is different in different cultures suggest?

  It has been learned
• What has research found about cultural differences in terms of personal space?

  Contact cultures e.g. Mediterranean countries, prefer smaller personal space whereas non-contact cultures e.g. UK maintain a larger distance
• How can hand gestures provide evidence that non-verbal behaviour is learned?

  They mean different things in different cultures. Research found that point in your finger is acceptable in western cultures but in Hindu cultures is regarded as offensive
• What can cultural differences in non-verbal behavior be explained by?

  Social learning theory which states that people learn by observing and imitating the behavior of other people around them particularly people they identify with
• How does behaviour become a habit?

  When it is rewarded, reinforced, and repeated
• What is a strength of the social learning theory?

  Supported by cultural variations in body language
• What is a weakness of the social learning theory?

  Does an explain why children brought up in the same environment can have totally different communicative styles
• What is the interactionist view?

  Complex behaviours are the results of a combination of both nature and nurture
• Define what is meant by the term innate

  When a treat or characteristic is due to genetics rather than being learned through experience