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• Constitution


  Outlines the basic rules and principles for how a country or province is governed and how its legislative, executive, and judicial bodies relate to each other and to its people
• The Constitution of the Philippines is promulgated by the sovereign Filipino people
• Adoption, promulgation and amendments of the Constitution

  Proposed by the Congress, upon a vote of three-fourths of all its Members or a constitutional convention
• Structure of the Constitution

  • National Territory (I)
  • Declaration of Principles and State Policies Principles (II)
  • Bill of Rights (III)
  • Citizenship (IV)
  • Suffrage (V)
  • Legislative Department (VI)
  • Executive Department (VII)
  • Judicial Department (VIII)
  • Constitutional Commissions (IX)
  • Local Government (X)
  • Accountability Of Public Officers (XI)
  • National Economy and Patrimony (XII)
  • Social Justice and Human Rights (XIII)
  • Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports (XIV)
  • The Family (XV)
  • General Provisions (XVI)
  • Amendments or Revisions (XVII)
  • Transitory Provisions (XVIII)
• Form of government


  The Philippines is a democratic and republican State governed by the rule of law
• Sovereignty


  Resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them
• Civilian authority


  Is, at all times, supreme over the military
• Separation of Church and State

  Shall be inviolable
• Autonomy of local governments


  The State ensures it
• Legislative power


  Vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on initiative and referendum
• Executive power


  Vested in the President of the Philippines
• Judicial power


  Vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law. Includes the duty of the courts to settle actual controversies and determine whether there has been a grave abuse of discretion
• Constitutional Commissions


  Independent bodies including the Civil Service Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit
• Territorial and political subdivisions


  Provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. Shall enjoy local autonomy
• Autonomous regions


  In Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras, consisting of provinces, cities, municipalities, and geographical areas sharing common characteristics
• International obligations


  The Philippines renounces war, adopts international law, and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations
• Validity of treaties and international agreements

  Require concurrence of at least two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate
• Judicial review of treaties, international or executive agreements, and laws

  Heard by the Supreme Court en banc, decided with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations and voted
• Fundamental rights and directive principles of the state policy

  • Right to life and liberty
  • Prohibition of unjust arrest and detention
  • Prohibition of forced labour and slavery
  • Privacy of home
  • Freedom of movement
  • Freedom of assembly
  • Freedom of association
  • Freedom of speech and religion
  • Right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment
  • Right to property and security of tenure, including collective rights
  • Right to food
  • Non discrimination and gender equality
  • Rights of Indigenous Peoples
• Natural resources


  Owned by the State. With the exception of agricultural lands, all other natural resources shall not be alienated
• Agrarian and natural resources reform


  Provided for in the Constitution
• The Congress shall provide measures to prohibit logging in endangered forests and watershed areas
• The State shall promote industrialization and full employment based on sound agricultural development and agrarian reform
• The State shall protect Filipino enterprises against unfair foreign competition and trade practices
• The Congress shall determine the specific limits of forest lands and national parks, and provide measures to prohibit logging in endangered forests and watershed areas
• Advertising has become more targeted due to advances in technology.
• The media environment is constantly changing, with new technologies emerging.
• Media fragmentation refers to the increasing number of channels available to consumers.
• Consumers have access to an ever-increasing range of content through various platforms such as TV, radio, print, online, mobile devices, social networks, etc.
• Influencer marketing involves partnering with individuals who have large followings on social media to promote products or services.
• Marketers need to understand how these changes are affecting consumer behavior and preferences.
• Social media platforms have emerged as important sources of information and communication.
• Digital advertising allows for greater targeting and measurement of results.
• Marketers need to adapt their strategies to reach audiences across multiple touchpoints.
• Digital advertising allows marketers to target ads based on user behavior and preferences.
• Culture


  The composite of learned behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, ideals and values held by a particular society
• Some values and traits are widely shared by particular specific groups
• These cultural values have political significance even if they do not directly involve political matters
• Every culture has its own standards, patterns and traits which should be viewed in terms of significance in the society of which they are part
• The impact of cultural values upon the matter of governing should be evaluated to determine their influence upon decision-making