plants absorb water through their roots but lose it through their leaves (transpiration)
dermal tissue protects the plant and reduces water loss
the epidermis of stems and leaves have many holes called stomata which allow for gas exchange. O2 diffuses out through photosynthesis, and Co2 and H2o as they are by-products of respiration
water loss through the stomata is highest on hot, dry, windy days. plants that live in these conditions have thicker waxy layers
trees and woody plants have lenticels, similar to stomata, in the bark. carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and leave through these lenticels.