Biology EOY Yr. 8

• Lessons


  • Lesson 1 – Microbial disease
  • Lesson 2 – Using microscopes
  • Lesson 3 – Bacteria and variables
  • Lesson 4 and 5 – Hygiene and graphs
  • Optional lesson – Ebola outbreak
  • Lesson 6 – Revision
  • Lesson 7 – Test
  • Lesson 8 – Go over test
• STARTER - Mould
• Mould


  What is mould?
• Microbe


  To be able to define the term microbe
• Four groups of microbes

  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi
  • Protoctista
• Disease


  Describe some diseases caused by microbes
• Microbial disease
• Definition


  Microbes: very small organisms, you need a microscope to see them
• Four types of microbes

  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi
  • Protoctista
• Virus


  • Protein Coat
  • Strand of DNA
• Virus


  • Smallest microorganism
  • Also NOT technically alive
• Bacteria


  • Cytoplasm
  • Chromosome of DNA
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
• Bacteria


  Sometimes has a TAIL (flagellum) to help it swim
• Fungi


  • Starch granule
  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Vacuole
  • Cytoplasm
• Uses of microbes


  • FOOD
  • HEALTH
  • ENVIRONMENT
• Pathogen


  An organism that causes disease
• Helpful microbes


  • Penicillin
  • Lactobacillus Bulgaricus
  • Yeast
• You need a microscope to see microbes
• Microbes can be a cause of disease. (These are known as pathogens)
• There are 100 trillion (100 000 000 000 000) bacteria living in your intestines
• Diseases caused by microbes

  • Influenza (flu) - Virus
  • Athletes Foot - Fungi
  • E. Coli (food poisoning) - Bacteria
• Ways pathogens can spread

  • Water
  • Food
  • Air
  • Direct Contact
  • Body fluids
  • Animals
  • All of the above
• Microscope


  • To label a microscope correctly
  • To explain the function of the microscope parts
  • To use a microscope to observe cells
• Robert Hooke used an early microscope to look at cork. He saw what looked like tiny rooms and called them 'cells'.
• Magnification


  Total magnification = magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens
• How to use a microscope

  1. Carry the microscope with two hands

  2. Put your microscope on a flat surface and plug it in

  3. Turn the nosepiece until the shortest objective lens is in position

  4. Place the microscope slide on the stage and fasten with stage clips

  5. Raise the stage so the lens and slide are close without touching

  6. Slowly turn the dial to lower the slide until the image comes into focus

  7. Repeat steps to use the longest objective lens
• What to do once you have focused on some cells: Draw what you can see down the tube with a pencil in your books
• Rules for microscope drawings

  • Clear continuous lines for cells - no overlapping
  • Title, underlined
  • Magnification (e.g. '100x')
  • Scale (scale bar with micrometres)
  • Labels - no arrows; ruler lines
• It's your turn to put into practice everything we have learned.
• Bacteria


  Describe how some bacteria can be helpful, and others harmful to humans
• Bacteria reproduction


  Recall how bacteria can rapidly reproduce
• Bacteria reproduction


  1. Each time a bacterium reproduces, it splits in half

  2. The number of bacteria doubles every twenty minutes
• Drawing a graph


  Use SLAPUK to show growth of bacteria
• Microorganisms


  • Flea
  • E.Coli (Bacteria)
  • Influenza (Virus)
  • Tarsier
  • Ebola (Virus)
  • Salmonella (Bacteria)
  • Tardigrade
  • Yeast (Fungi)
• Microorganisms


  The word MICRO means very small. (So you need a Microscope to see it!)
• Microorganisms


  Single celled organisms that are so small that millions could fit onto the end of a needle!
• Bacteria


  Bacteria are in our food, in the air we breath, in the ground we walk on. They are literally everywhere!
• There are more bacteria on one persons hand then there are people on the entire planet.
• Where bacteria thrive


  Warm and damp places
• Bacteria


  • The good the bad and the ugly!
  • Bacteria are small living single celled organisms that can come in good (beneficial) forms and bad (pathogenic) forms that cause disease