[RWS] 4th Quarter

• Concept paper


  A type of text that discusses or clarifies the 'whatness' of an idea/term
• Concept paper


  • In the academic setting, it may come in the form of a research proposal
  • In the workplace, it is asked before a full proposal; it contains a proposed idea that may not be detailed yet but somehow provides the reader with a framework or an overview of how it can be carried out or implemented
• Project Proposal


  • A request for financial assistance in carrying out a plan
  • A statement of work; it should contain all the details of the projects
• Successfulness of a concept paper

  • Clear
  • Accurate & Objective — relevance of the proposal to the field of work
  • Accessible — significance of the idea; address the questions that may arise
  • Correct — grammatically sound
  • Concise — should be logically presented by following a structure or format
• Example Format


  • Project Title
  • Rationale — explains why the project should be implemented
  • Objectives of the Project — itemize the goals you want to achieve
  • Project Proponents — people who are responsible for spearheading the plan
  • Description of the Project — the most basic pieces of information about the project
  • Target Beneficiaries / Audience — who will benefit from the project; who exactly will serve as the audience
  • Venue — place where the project is planned to take place
  • Project Duration — timeline of activities
  • Program Flow — how will you go about executing the project on the actual day of implementation
  • Budget Proposal — expected monetary expenses
  • Monitoring and Evaluation
• Connecting Reading & Writing

  An expression to indicate the strong relationship between reading and writing
• Relationship between reading and writing

  • Both involve an active thinking process
  • Both involve a multi-step process: Pre-Reading/Writing, During Reading/Writing, Post-Reading/Writing
  • Both reinforce or strengthen each other
• Data-gathering skills


  • Outlining
  • Interviewing
  • Brainstorming
  • Plastering
  • Using graphic organizers
• Higher-order thinking skills


  • Interpreting
  • Analyzing
  • Selecting
  • Organizing
  • Evaluating
  • Creating
• Graphic Organizer


  A systematic illustration of ideas taken from a text you've read. It is a more interesting way of providing an overview of a text.
• Writer's Block


  The inability of the writer to write
• Forms of Writer's Block

  • Page Fright
  • Writing Without the Muse
  • Fear of the Blank Sheet
  • Inability to Get Things Started
• Consolidated Ways of Dealing with Writer's Block

  • Positive Self-Talk
  • Listing your Achievements
  • Interview
  • Brainstorm
  • Divide Large Tasks
  • Concede Its Existence
  • Read for a Break
  • Establish a Routine
  • Show Up for Work
  • Cope with Badness
  • Reinvent your Space
  • Go Back to the Start
• Morning Pages


  A tool where the writer disposes ideas that get in the way of writing, done usually before a writer starts writing, a piece of writing that is made up of three pages
• Defining Essay


  A piece of writing on a particular subject often expresses one's point of view written in paragraphs to discuss or highlight several points
• Parts of an Essay

  • Title
  • Introduction (Hook)
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Argumentative Essay


  A piece of writing used to convince readers to agree to an argument or claim about a particular topic
• Parts of an Argumentative Essay

  • Argument/Claim (thesis statement)
  • Counterargument/Counterclaim
  • Refutation
• Claims of Facts


  Pieces of information that are grounded on reliable authority, such as science or history. This is inferred from a reliable source of information. The information can be verified, no matter how difficult it is. It can be proven by steadfast or data.
• Claims of Policies


  Asserts that something should or should not be done by someone about something. It proposes that some specific course of action should, but not necessarily will, be taken.
• Claims of Values


  Argue that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing.
• Forms of Persuasive Writing

  • Editorials
  • Op-Ed (opposite-editorial)
  • Letters to the editor
  • Reviews
  • Advertisement
  • Propaganda
• Business Messages


  Messages in the business world, such as emails, consultation letters, letters of complaints, that are essential to achieving success
• Characteristics of an effective business message

  • Purposeful - every time you create a message, you have to have a clear reason why you are doing it
  • Economical - conveys only the necessary information using the fewest words possible while maintaining the business message's style, clarity, and completeness
  • Process Oriented - following a systematic approach to crafting and delivering the message
  • Audience-oriented - how the message will be perceived by the receiver
• Process of Creating a Business Message

  1. Pre-Writing (Analyzing, Anticipating, Adapting)

  2. Defining the Purpose (Timely, Realistic, Acceptable, Actionable)

  3. Drafting

  4. Revising

  5. Finalizing
• Effective business messages


  Should be 'tailored' to the needs, expectations, and interests of other people
• Understanding the demographics, knowledge level, and communication style


  • Will create connections, engagements, and actions in the long run
• Process of Creating a Business Message

  1. Pre-Writing (Analyzing, Anticipating, Adapting)

  2. Defining the Purpose (Timely, Realistic, Acceptable, Appropriate)

  3. Analyzing the Audience

  4. Choosing Channel & Medium

  5. Writing (Researching, Organizing, Composing)

  6. Revising (Revising, Proofreading, Evaluating)
• Analyzing


  Understanding the target audience, asking yourself the main goal
• Anticipating


  Considering potential actions or responses from your audience, whether it may be positive or negative
• Adapting


  Tailoring your message for it to suit your audience
• Timely


  The message should be relevant to the current situation or context
• Realistic


  The message must be achievable within the constraints of your resources
• Acceptable


  The message should be aligned with the vision and mission of the company
• Appropriate


  The issue should be referred to the concerned and right person
• Primary audience


  The decision-makers
• Secondary audience


  Those affected by the decision-makers
• Analyzing the Audience


  • Knowing the size and composition of the audience
  • Knowing the understanding level of the audience
  • Gauging the probable reaction of the audience, whether it is positive, negative, or neutral
• Spotlighting the audience benefits


  Focusing your statements on the audience, not the sender (using 'you' instead of 'we')
• Cultivating a "You" View


  Empowering your audience, emphasizing second-person pronouns instead of first-person pronouns