keperawatan dasar

• The trillions of cells in the body require an abundant and continuous supply of oxygen to carry out their vital functions
• Functions of the respiratory system

  • Oxygen supplier
  • Elimination of carbon dioxide
  • Gas exchange
  • Passageway
  • Humidifier

  
• Mechanism of respiration


  1. Diaphragm and chest muscles contract, chest cavity volume increases, lungs expand and air enters

  2. Diaphragm and chest muscles relax, chest cavity volume returns to normal, lungs return to normal and air exits

  3. One respiration consists of 1 inspiration and 1 expiration

  
• Inspiration


  Inhaling air
• Expiration


  Exhaling air
• Diaphragm


  Muscle between chest and abdominal cavities
• Factors influencing respiratory rate and depth

  • Gender
  • Age
  • Body temperature
  • Body position
  • Body activity

  
• Respiratory rate


  Number of respirations (inspiration and expiration) per minute

  
• Normal respiration rate is 16-20 x/minute, up to 24 x/minute is normal high

  
• Physical examination techniques for oxygenation

  • Inspection
  • Palpation
  • Percussion
  • Auscultation

  
• Bronchial sounds


  Produced by air rushing through large respiratory passageways

  
• Vesicular breathing sounds


  Occur as air fills the alveoli, soft and resemble a muffled breeze

  
• Nursing diagnosis and planning related to oxygenation