Respiration

• Define the term cellular respiration


  An exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in the mitochondria of living cells to release energy from glucose
• What do organisms need energy for?

  Chemical reactions to build larger molecules

  Muscle contraction for movement

  Keeping Warm
• What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration uses oxygen

  Anaerobic respiration does not
• Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

  glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles

  glucose ---> lactic acid
• Write the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O
• Why does aerobic respiration release more energy than anaerobic respiration?

  oxidation of glucose is complete in aerobic respiration and incomplete in anaerobic respiration
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

  Fermentation
• Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

  glucose ---> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• How does the body supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood during exercise?

  Heart rate, Breathing rate, and Breath volume increase
• What substance builds up in the muscles during anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid
• What happens to muscles during long periods of activity?

  muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
• What is oxygen debt?

  amount of oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
• How is lactic acid removed from the body?

  Lactic acid in muscles ---> blood transports to the liver ---> lactic acid converted back to glucose
• What is metabolism?


  Sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body