Digestive System

• Digestive System


  The organs that take in food and liquids which they break down into substances that the body can use for energy, growth, and tissue repair.
• FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Excretion
• Ingestion


  the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it.
• Digestion and absorption


  It is the breakdown of food into small particles and into substances for absorption into the bloodstream.
• Excretion


  The elimination of indigestible subtances.
• TWO PHASES OF DIGESTION

  Mechanical Digestion (The tearing, grinding, and chewing of food into smaller pieces) and Chemical Digestion (The conversion of food into molecules that the body can used: It uses enzymes)
• Enzymes


  Helps speed up chemical reactions in our body which is essential for digestion.
• Mouth


  Where the digestive process starts, it is when you chew, your salivary glands make saliva, a digestive juice, which moistens the food so it easily moves through your esophagus
• Pharynx 


  It separates the air from the food you chewed and that you eat.
• Esophagus (20 cm long)


  The long tube that carries food from the pharynx and to the stomach. It secretes mucus.
• Stomach


  The j-shaped muscular bag that holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break food down. It has chyme
• Chyme


  the fluid made of gastric juice
• Small Intestine (7 meters long)


  breakdowns food, absorbs nutrients needed for the body and get rid of the unnecessary components. It has finger like walls. It is divided into three parts: Duodenum, Ileum, and Jejunum.
• Large Intestine (1.5 meters long)


  Absorbs water and salts from the undigested food and gets ride of any waste products. It is divided into five parts: Caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.
• Rectum


  Is known as the short term storage for waste
• Anus


  The last part of the digestive process, it is where the waste comes out of the body
• ACCESSORY ORGANS


  The organs that secrete substances needed for the chemical digestion of food but does not move. This includes salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
• Salivary Glands


  a gland that produces saliva
• DIFFERENT SALIVARY GLANDS:

  Parotoid gland, Sublingual gland and Submandibular gland
• Liver


  The largest gland, it produces the yellow-green liquid called bile. Bile helps digest fat.
• Gall Bladder


  It stores the bile and gives it to the small intestine
• Pancreas 


  Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
• Peristalsis 


  The involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract. It pushes food downwards.
• Antiperistalsis


  Pushes the food upwards.