[11] UCSP - Education, Religion, Health, etc.

• Functions of Education in Society

  • Manifest
  • Latent
• Manifest Functions of Education in Society

  • Socialization
  • Cultural Innovation and Transmission
  • Social Integration and Control
  • Social Placement
• Latent Functions

  • Restricting Youth Activities
  • Forming Networks
  • Creation of Generation and Gaps
• Most Important Goals of Education for the Individual and Society

  • Productive Citizenry
  • Self-Actualization
• Productive Citizenry - idea that a citizen can create opportunities to become productive
• Self-actualization - desire for self-fulfillment
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights - states everyone has right to education
• UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
• Education - a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights; promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits; powerful tool by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and participate fully as citizens
• In the Philippines, primary education is considered a right of a child. It is enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution
• Religion - social institution that social scientists recognize to exist and organized through sets of beliefs, behaviors, values, and norms of people; social act that establishes patterns through beliefs and practice; symbol-based system where objects and beliefs are symbolic
• Animism - earliest and most primary form of religion; belief in spiritual beings and forces
• Polytheism - from Greek work "polytheismos"; belief system that worships many deities; most common form of religion during the Bronze and Iron Age in Egypt, Greece and Rome (Mythological gods)
• Poltheismos - means many gods
• Monotheism - most widely practiced type of religion in the world today; belief in one supreme being (One God)
• Christianism, Islam and Jewish are the most associated religions that practice monotheism
• Types of Monotheistic Organization

  • Cult
  • Sect
  • Denomination
  • Ecclesia
• Cult - new religious group that is small, extreme and at great odds with the norms and values of the larger society; headed by a leader that dominates the group
• Sect - religious group that is a subset of a religion or denomination
• Denomination - large and religious organization that slightly differs in its beliefs from other mainstream religions
• Ecclesia - large religious group recognized nationally and holds a religious monopoly
• In the Philippines, the constitution declares and provides for the separation of the church and the State (Article II, Sec. 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution). The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
• (Article III, Sec. 5) states that “No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof"
• Separation of Church and State - introduced during the American Occupation of the Philippines as a reaction to the royal patronage; based from the protestant reformation of Martin Luther's doctrine of 2 separate kingdoms - faith (religion) and reason (state) separation during the Enlightenment period
• Health - overall sense of well-being free from diseases
• WHO - World Health Organization
• Culture-specific Syndromes and Illnesses

  • Bughat
  • Usog
  • Buyag
• Systems of Diagnosis, Prevention and Healing

  • Traditional
  • Western
  • Alternative Healing Systems
• Medical Pluralism - co-existence or availability of the 2 options in society
• Social Sciences - helps in addressing health problems/concerns by providing explanations based on studies to make sense health in the context of culture
• Stratification - something that has been arranged into categories; system dividing people and groups into different levels according to a hierarchy of property, power, identities, and prestige
• Social Stratification - kind and degree of distribution of resources within a social system; wealth, status, prestige, and privilege
• Political Stratification - extent to which such inequalities are enclosed in, or influenced by, political structures and processes; involving influence, authority, or power
• Social Desirables - affect social stratification

  • Wealth
  • Power
  • Prestige
• Social Hierarchy - exists because of the unequal distribution of social desirables
• Social Mobility System

  • Class System (Open)
  • Caste System (Closed)
• Class System (Open) - provides the status of an individual based on possessions
• Caste System (Closed) - determines the status of an individual upon birth and it is for the lifetime; individuals are not permitted to marry someone from another caste which makes social mobility not possible
• Caste System in India

  • Brahman
  • Kshatriya
  • Vaishva
  • Shudra
  • Harijan or Dalit
• Brahman - priests and scholars