Chemical and Nervous Control (Animal)

• Human Nervous System

  A) Central Nervous System

  B) Peripheral Nervous System

  C) Brain

  D) Spinal Cord

  E) Motor Neurons

  F) Sensory Neurons

  G) Sympathetic Division

  H) Parasympathetic Division

  I) Autonomic Nervous System

  J) Somatic Nervous System

  
• Nervous System

  • uses electrical impulses to collect, process, and respond to information about the environment.
• Cells in the Nervous System

  • Neurons are specialized cells that receive and transmit electrical impulses throughout the body; they are supported by glial cells, which surround, protect, and insulate them.
• Types of Neurons

  • Sensory Neurons - carry impulses from sense organs.
  • Motor Neurons - carry impulses to muscles and glands
  • Interneurons - transfer signals between sensory and motor neurons, as well as other interneurons
  • Resting Neurons - separation of ions in the cell regulated by sodium-potassium pumps.
• Parts of the Nervous System

  • Two main divisions:
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) - made of the brain and the spinal cord.
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - nervous system that is outside of brain and spinal cord.
• Two parts of PNS:

  • Somatic Nervous System (SNS) - regulates voluntary activities such as muscular movement.
  • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - regulates activities that are not under consciousness and has two divisions that are opposite of one another:
  • Sympathetic N.S. - "fight-or-flight"
  • Parasympathetic N.S. - "rest or digest"
• Endocrine System

  • Unlike the nervous system which uses electrical impulses for signaling, the endocrine system produces and uses chemical signals called hormones.
• Common Hormones and Glands

  A) Thyroid Hormone

  B) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

  C) Cortisol

  D) Estrogen

  E) Testosterone

  F) Insulin

  G) Glucagon