France 3

• Context sentence (1)

  The constitutional monarchy was established in 1789, it was formed to attempt to retain the French monarchy with limited powers and according to representation to royalists.
• Context sentence (2)

  The French Revolution of 1789 brought about the downfall of the Ancien Régime, the collapse of absolutism and ultimately in 1792, the end of the French monarchy.
• Context sentence (3)

  The factors contributing to the failure of the constitutional monarchy consist of the outbreak of the war against Prussia and Austria, The role of the national assembly, the activities of the émigrés, the civil constitutional of the clergy and the role of Louis XVI
• The outbreak of the war (F1)

  The declaration of Pillnitz was issued by Austria and Prussia, it warned the French people against harming the King and demanding that the Monarchy be restored. It also stated that if any harm was to come to the King they would interfere militarily
• The outbreak of the war (A1)

  This had the opposite effect than intended, Girodin leader Brissot felt threatened by the declaration. The Declaration of Pillnitz saw the Legislative Assembly declare war against Austria and Prussia
• The outbreak of the war (F2)

  Austria and Prussia had anticipated this kind of reaction and had their troops massed along the French border. While the French army were unprepared, so they were trounced and fled.
• The outbreak of the war (A2)

  This led to France extremely vulnerable because Louis XVI had not put enough time or money into bettering the military and did not want them to succeed proving a large threat to the constitutional monarchy
• The activities of émigres (F1 + A1)

  Supporters of the monarchy left France and plotted to end the revolution from outside of the country. They began to form their own clubs. The group consisted of some members of the Royal Family including the King's brother, pre-revolutionary officers, and members of the army.

  
  

  This meant that they were a threat because of who they were and the continuous pressure that they were putting on the constitutional monarchy as they did not support the governments revolutionary idea
• The acitvities of the émigres (F2)

  Many émigrés had connections with countries such as Austria, Prussia, and other countries with absolute monarchy's.
• The acivities of the émigres (A2)

  This led to many other monarchs becoming alarmed at the changes taking place in France, they didn't want their citizens to believe that they could uprise, they were worried about their own positions so they felt as though the revolution must be put down quickly and ensure that no harm comes to the Royal Family.
• The activities of émigres (A+)

  However, the vast majority of the French population supported the revolution: the emigres represented a privileged minority and cannot be regarded as a significant threat.
• The activities of the émigres (E)

  In evaluation, Although the émigré activities still helped perpetuate émigré activity around the continent which destabilised the constitutional monarchy, the outbreak of war led to the failure of the constitutional monarchy as it showed that Louis was not in full support of the French people and the Revolution. The people suspected that he was not rooting for a French victory and actually wanted the Austrians to win.
• The role of Louis XVI (F1)

  King Louis privately continued to believe that the revolution would burn itself out. One advisor, Mirabeau, suggested to the King that the revolution would not last long due to its contradictory nature. The fact that the King never believed in the constitutional monarchy left him waiting for its collapse.
• The role of Louis XVI (A1)

  This led to him making questionable decisions such as maintaining contact with Austria, Prussia, and Sweden - asking them for help in restoring his family into power
• The role of Louis XVI (F2)

  Louis and his family attempted to escape to Austria known as "the flight to Varennes" , where they were supposed to meet with the Austrian army and arrange an attack on the revolutionaries however, they were caught just before reaching the border and brought back to Paris
• The role of Louis XVI (A2)

  This escape led to the kings position becoming greatly weakened. Before, despite not having much power, he still had faith in his country
• The role of Louis XVI (A+)

  However, the flight to Varennes was less significant than it might have been as it was prior to the declaration of the Pillniz in August 1791 and was not done in the context of the war and thus had much less impact on the political situation than it might have done
• The role of Louis XVI (E)

  In evaluation, Louis XVI actions were significant to some extent. However, the outbreak of the war was more significant as the war diverted resources and attention away from domestic issues such as social unrest and economic crisis's which further destabilized the constitutional monarchy.
• The Civil Constitutional of the clergy 1790 (F1)

  In 1790 the state confiscated all the church's land and used it to back a new currency - the assignat. Many were suspicious of the assignat, so they began to hoard coins.
• The Civil Constitutional of the clergy 1790 (A1)

  This led to a decline in the amount of currency in circulation and the assignats were debased as they were often exchanged for less than the value printed on them. This mistrust in the currency and economy led to the question as to whether the new constitution was going to work.
• The Civil Constitutional of the clergy 1790 (F2)

  The Civil Constitutional of the clergy was a radical document that reduced the overall power that the church had within France. Senior members of the catholic church longed for the rebirth of the Ancien regime
• The Civil Constitutional of the clergy 1790 (A2)


  the fact the king did not approve of the document but eventually had to agree to it illustrated the weakness of the monarchy
• The Civil Constitutional of the clergy 1790 (E)

  In evaluation Louis XVI became severely conflicted on whether to sign to the Civil Constitutional of the Clergy, he was aware that if he didn't sign it there would be an uproar across France yet his own beliefs stopped him from doing so, causing him to flee to Varennes. However, the outbreak of the war was more important as the Girodins wanted to expose the loyalty of the king in order to get rid of him, therefore the outbreak of the war was used as a plot to end the monarchy completely.
• The role of the national assembly (F1)

  As bread prices continued to rise, the Cordeliers petitioned for the removal of the monarchy and a mob of around 50,000 gathered on the Champs de Mars to sign.
• The role of the national assembly (A1)

  The Assembly became alarmed and sent the National Guard and shots were then fired, killing around 50. The National Assembly found it difficult to control the Cordeliers which led to the Cordeliers becoming increasingly violent and caused cohesion amongst France..
• The role of the national assembly (A+)

  On the other hand, the CM succeeded in eliminating the nobility as a legal order and struck down monopiles and guilds, the introduction of the poll talk was to ensure that control of the country stayed firmly in the hands of the middle class
• The role of the national assembly (E)

  In evaluation, Although the Cordeliers ideas began to take influence throughout the cities and became a threat to the constitutional monarchy due to ideas of rebellion, the outbreak of war against Austria and Prussia created an external threat that united many European powers against the French Revolution and the constitutional monarchy. This external pressure weakened the monarchy's ability to maintain control domestically
• Conclusion point one

  In conclusion, the outbreak of war under the constitutional monarchy was the most significant in its failure, as it overwhelmingly threatened the progression and future of the revolution and could've resulted in its breakdown. The potential of a loss in the war would've caused the failure of the constitutional monarchy as the absolute monarchy and King Louis' position would've been reinstated