Respiration

• what are the four stages of light dependent reaction? (aerobic respiration)

  • glycolysis
  • link reaction (mitochondrial matrix)
  • Krebs cycle (mitochondrial matrix)
  • Oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondrial inner membrane-cristae)
• what are the main three steps in glycolysis?

  1. Glucose phosphorylation

  2. glucose into two 3-carbon molecules

  3. Energy production (ATP + reduced NAD) and formation of pyruvate
• Glycolysis

  
• what are the products of glycolysis?

  2x ATP,2x NADH, 2x pyruvate
• where does glycolysis occur?

  cytoplasm and Pryvate and NADH are transported to the mitochondrial matrix after
• what happens link reaction?

  • pryvate is oxidised to acetate
  • NAD picks up the hydrogen and becomes reduced NAD
  • Acetate the combine with coenzyme A in to acetyl coenzyme A
• link reaction

  
• what is produced in the link reaction?

  2x Acetyl CoA

  2 CO2 released

  2 reduced NAD
• how many times does the link reaction occur?

  twice for every glucose
• what happens in the Krebs cycle?

  • Acetyl-CoA reacts with 4 carbon molecule releasing coenzyme
  • this produces 6 carbon molecules that enters the Krebs cycle
  • redox reactions = reduced coenzyme + ATP and CO2 is lost
• what products are made per a krebs cycle?

  3x reduced NAD

  1x reduced FAD

  1x ATP

  2x CO2
• what are the products per glucose molecule?

  6x reduced NAD

  2x reduced FAD

  2x ATP

  4x CO2
• Krebs cycle

  
• what happens oxidative phosphorylation?

  • the electron transfer chain
  • movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membranes
  • catalysed by ATP synthase
• oxidative phosphorylation

  
• anaerobic respiration

  • absence of oxygen respiration occurs anaerobically in cytoplasm
  • pyrvate is reduced to form ethanol and CO2 (in plants) or lactate (in animals) by gaining H+ from reduced NAD
  • oxidises NAD can be reused in glycolysis + more ATP is continued to be produced