Topic 6:organic chemistry I

• homologous series 


  series of organic compounds with same functional group and general formula
• addition 


  joining two or more molecules together to form a larger molecule
• elimination 


  when a small group of atoms breaks away from a larger molecule to form a double carbon bond
• substitution 


  when one species is replaced with another
• hydrolysis 


  breaking bonds using water
• radicals 


  a species with an unpaired electron
• structural isomerism 


  when species have the same formula but a different structural formula
• nucleophile


  species that is attracted to electron deficient areas
• polymerisation


  monomers join together to form a polymer
• types of stereoisomerism 


  E/Z

  cis/trans
• cis/trans can only be used when there are hydrogen atoms and two other groups present
• cis isomerism 


  when groups on the same side
• trans isomerism 


  when groups on opposite sides
• isomers 


  2 molecules that have the same molecular formular but are arranged differently
• positional isomer 


  position of a functional group differs along the chain
• stereoisomerism 


  same structural formula but different arrangement