PR: 4th Quarter

• By examining and recording the narcissist in their own environment, the researcher is using which technique?

  • Observational
• Six sections of Chapter III:

  • Data Analysis
  • Instrumentation
  • Methodology Limitations
• Interview - this is where a researcher asks participants brief, but specific questions to understand the participant's view on a topic.
• In the Philippines, the census is a form of survey, it is usually done every 5 years.
• Data Collection Methods:

  • Observation
  • Interview
  • Survey
• Non-participant observation - this type of observation completely detaches you from the target of observation.
• Conversation analysis - this type of analysis examines the use of language by people as a type of action or skilled accomplishment.
• Thematic analysis - this is to provide a simple interpretation and concise description of themes and patterns in the data set.
• Qualitative research is used in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT; "it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest."
• Systematic Sampling

  • To find out what the preferred ice cream flavor is, wait outside an ice cream parlor and ask every 4th person leaving the store to name his or her favourite flavor until you get 25 responses.
• Prepare your data - the first step in content analysis.
• Inference - it is define as using observation and background to reach a logical conclusion.
• The following are the purpose of a conclusion, EXCEPT; "leave a starting impression on the reader."
• The importance of good conclusion:

  • Challenging the reader by directing or showing how readers can apply the study in their own lives.
• How to write recommendations?

  • Write concisely.
  • It should be precise.
  • Do not be ambiguous.
• Design - a part of a research report that contains details of how the research was planned and conducted.
• You've found an article on the web in a foreign language, and you've either translated some passage from it yourself or used an on-line language translator to translate it into English. By the time you whip it into good academic English no one would be able to trace it. What would you do?

  • It's the same as any other article and you have to cite it.
• You're doing a paper on death and dying and in course of your research you have talked to a family friend whose child recently died. You want to include something she said to you, although it is not a quotation. Do you have to reference this, and if so, how would you do it?

  • Put a parenthetical note (if APA style, which is suitable for the social sciences) as follows: (J.Doe, personal communication, April 1, 2004) but do not put it into the reference list.
• You like the example or illustrations several authors have used to prove a point and you want to pull them all together and use them in your own paper list. What ought you do?

  • Include them in one parenthetical citation or endnote after you have finish them.
• In preparing for a presentation, you should do all of the following, EXCEPT; ignore your nerves.
• Plagiarism can be avoided by paraphrasing the author's text in your own words.
• Bibliography or references - refers to the authors at the end of the paper.
• How will you write the copyright date in the MLA system?

  • Written after the publisher's name.
• How will you write the authors name in APA system?

  • Full surname first, then followed by initials of first and middle name.
• Case Study - a research design where a researcher aims to investigate the life and experiences of an alcoholic, a drug dependent or a successful entrepreneur.
• If a researcher aims to investigate the lived experiences of a political detainee or an illegal immigrant, as well as the significant remarks of the research participant, which will s/he most likely choose?

  • Case Study
• When a researcher aims to focus on the inner world of the research participants such as asylum seekers, or disaster victims, as related to texts to which are examined carefully, which will s/he most likely use?

  • Phenomenology
• If a researcher would like to study the way of life of the Mangyans, their folkways and mores, s/he will most likely use?

  • Ethnography
• What is the purpose of sampling?

  • To gather data about the sampling population in order to make inference that can be generalized to the population.
• Purposive Sampling - a process whereby the researcher using their expertise to select a sample that is most useful to the purposes of the research.
• Availability Sampling - a non-probability sample technique other known as Convenience Sampling.
• Snowball Sampling - a non-probability sample technique other known as Chain Referral Sampling.
• Systematic Sampling - a kind of probability sampling, chance and system are the ones determine who should compose the sample.
• A researcher needs to understand if a new depressant medication works when compared to people not taking it. This is an example of what kind of study?

  • Experiment
• Simple Random Sample

  • The school librarian wants to determine how many students use the library on a daily basis. What type of sampling would she chose to use a random number generator to randomly select 50 students from the school's attendance roster.
• Farmer Joe separates his farm into 10 regions. He then randomly selected 5 trees from each region to estimate the number of mangoes produced on his mango tree farm. What sampling method did Joe used?

  • Cluster Sampling
• Mrs. Lopez samples her class by picking 10 numbers from her hat and each number is signed to a student. What sampling method did he used?

  • Simple Random Sample
• It is often not possible to determine exactly why people behaves as they do in Observation.
• A researcher secretly becomes an active member of a group in order to observe their behavior. This researcher is acting as?

  • An over participant observer
• All of the following are advantages of structured observation, EXCEPT; "the coding schedules might impose a framework on what is being observed."