Landforms

• Waterfall

  -They are found on the upper course

  -they are formed by hydraulic action and abrasion

  -the water eroded the less resistant rock which leaves a steep sided gorge as the water fall retreats

  -the less resistant rock is at the bottom of the river so it is undercut

  -this leaves an overhand of hard rock which collapses due to the lack of support and force of gravity
• Rapids

  -Ridges of hard and soft rock create an uneven slope which creates rapids

  -this makes the water flow very fast
• V shapes valleys

  -Vertical erosion lowers the level of the river channel

  -the banks either side are unsupported and so fall into the water leaving a V shaped valley
• Meanders

  -Found in the middle course

  -Lateral erosion causes wide bends and deposition on inner banks forms meander
• Oxbow lakes


  crescent-shaped lakes formed in river valleys as a result of the meander growing so it is cut off from the main channel. Continual erosion and deposition narrows the neck of the meander.
• Deltas

  They form when a river deposits sediment faster than the sea can remove it