Yom Kippur war 1973

• why did Sadat want to end the war of attrition?

  it was draining Egypts money and morale. needed nearly a million men to fight and it was expensive
• what diplomatic solution did Sadat put foward?

  1971- put forward a plan to recognise Israel in order to regain the lost land.
• Was sadats diplomatic solution successful and why?

  no, Israel was unwilling to discuss it and USA condoned this as they thought that strong Israel would stop Arab states going to war
• What did Sadat do about soviet influence in 1972 and why?

  Expelled all 15,000 soviet advisors, as the US didn’t like the Soviet interference. But this did little to nothing to USA attitude, especially with Nixon having an upcoming election he didn’t want to seem pro-Arab
• Why did Sadat want to get US on their side?

  so US can put pressure on Israel over Sinai
• What was the only way for Sadat to break the stalemate?


  war
• Why did Sadat have to act soon?

  To try and recover Sinai and Golan heights, as the Israelis were increasing their power by building settlements and keeping troops there
• Why were the Israelis caught by surprise?

  it was yom kippur, so many soldiers were on leave
• What two countries attacked Israel in October ‘73?

  Egypt and Syria
• How many men and tanks did Egypt have?

  90,000 men and 850 tanks
• What did Egypt do to Israeli fortifications and tanks?

  destroyed fortifications and destroyed 300 Israeli tanks
• Why were Egypt and Syria successful at the start?

  the plan was thought out thoroughly and practiced
• How many syrian tanks were there?

  500
• Why couldn’t the Israeli air force retaliate effectively ?

  Arabs had soviet air missiles
• How did Israeli manage to push the Syrians back?

  They exploited the gap between Egyptian forces and Suez Canal, cutting off 1/3 of egyptian army
• How did the Israelis able to recover militarily?

  got sent advanced weaponry from USA
• What role did the US and USSR play in ending the war and why?

  Sponsored a joint UN ceasefire and negotiations for peace, as the Israelis were 80km away from Cairo
• What was the result for the Israelis?

  military victory, proved their weapons, army and training was superior
• Did the Israelis have a lot of casualties?

  more than any other war
• What did this war prove about the Arab soldiers?

  They could fight with bravery and determination
• Did the Arabs overcome humiliation from six day war?

  yes
• What happened to USA relations with the Arabs after And why?

  Became more friendly, keen to establish and cement position as dominant superpower
• Why did Sadat fail to persuade US to use influence to make Israelis agree to plan?

  busy with Vietnam war even though they were keen to improve US-arab relationsUS jewish lobby was still strong
• when did nasser accept the peace treaty ending the war of attrition?

  july 1970
• when does nasser die of a heart attack?

  28 september 1970
• Reasons why Sadat went to war against Israel in 1973?

  To provoke superpowers to intervene and put pressure on Israel to withdraw troops for territory captured in 1967Weaponry, training and planning improved due to soviet aidStrong financial support from oil-rich Saudi ArabiaNeed to act soon so Israel occupation of Sinai and golan doesn't strengthen
• Reasons why Sadat went to war against Israel in 1973?

  To provoke superpowers to intervene and put pressure on Israel to withdraw troops for territory captured in 1967Weaponry, training and planning improved due to soviet aidStrong financial support from oil-rich Saudi ArabiaNeed to act soon so Israel occupation of Sinai and golan doesn't strengthenClose ally with Syrian leader AssadOnly way to break stalemate over suez and in Sinai