Behaviourist

• Pavlov (1927) - Classical conditioning

  • Timing, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generation
  • UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR
• Skinner (1938) - Operant conditioning

  • Positive and negative punishment/reinforcement
  • Schedules of reinforcement
  • Skinner box
• CC used in therapy (systematic desensitisation to reduce phobias/anxiety)
• • CC only works for some learning, harder for it to work in some species over others, based on animals preparedness (Seligman 1970) 
• • OC based on experimental method, establishes clear cause and effect of consequences and future occurrence frequency
• • OC over relies on nonhuman research, mainly rats and pigeons, critics claim humans have more free will making Skinner's research no generalisable
• • Limited perspective on behaviour, approach ignores cognitive factors, emotional states, ect